The Citroen DHY (XUD9TE/Y) is a 1,868 cc, inline-four turbocharged diesel engine produced between 1991 and 1998. It belongs to the PSA XUD series, a long-running family of robust indirect-injection diesel engines used across Citroën, Peugeot, and other European manufacturers. Equipped with a Garrett T2 turbocharger and a mechanically controlled Bosch M-System injection pump, it produces 66 kW (90 PS), offering strong low-end torque ideal for mid-size and estate applications.
Fitted to models such as the Xantia 1.9 Turbo D and BX 1.9 Turbo D (post-1991), the DHY engine was engineered for durability and fuel efficiency in both urban and highway environments. It meets Euro 1 emissions standards through a straightforward design: mechanical fuel delivery, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and a robust cooling system. Its longitudinal mounting and proven architecture made it a preferred choice for fleet operators and high-mileage drivers.
One documented concern is cylinder head cracking around the exhaust valve seats, particularly in early-production units, as noted in PSA Technical Service Bulletin TSB-ENG-1994-07. This issue arises from localized thermal stress and inadequate coolant flow under sustained load. From 1993, revised cylinder head castings with improved cooling channel geometry were introduced to enhance durability and reduce failure rates.
All production years 1991–1998 meet Euro 1 emissions standards (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/2346).
The Citroen DHY (XUD9TE/Y) is a 1,868 cc inline-four turbocharged diesel engine designed for durability and real-world efficiency in mid-size vehicles (1991–1998). It combines indirect injection with a fixed-geometry turbocharger to deliver consistent low-RPM torque and reliable performance. Designed to meet Euro 1 standards, it prioritizes mechanical simplicity and longevity over advanced emissions control.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 1,868 cc | |
| Fuel type | Diesel | |
| Configuration | Inline-4, SOHC, 8-valve | |
| Aspiration | Turbocharged (Garrett T2) | |
| Bore × stroke | 83.0 mm × 86.0 mm | |
| Power output | 66 kW (90 PS) @ 4,000 rpm | |
| Torque | 180 Nm @ 2,200 rpm | |
| Fuel system | Bosch M-System inline injection pump (mechanical) | |
| Emissions standard | Euro 1 | |
| Compression ratio | 22.5:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water-cooled | |
| Turbocharger | Garrett T2 fixed-geometry turbo with pneumatic wastegate | |
| Timing system | Timing belt (replace every 120,000 km) | |
| Oil type | SAE 15W-40 (API CF-4/CG-4) | |
| Dry weight | 165 kg |
The Garrett T2 turbo provides predictable boost delivery ideal for steady cruising but requires consistent coolant levels to prevent thermal stress on the cylinder head. SAE 15W-40 oil is critical for lubricating the mechanical injection pump and turbo bearings under sustained load. Extended idling or aggressive driving without proper warm-up increases head cracking risk, especially in pre-1993 units. The Bosch M-System injection pump is highly durable but sensitive to water contamination; use only EN 590 diesel. Pre-1993 heads should be inspected for micro-cracks per PSA TSB-ENG-1994-07. EGR system is simple and rarely fails, but vacuum lines should be checked periodically for brittleness.
Oil Specs: Requires SAE 15W-40 meeting API CF-4/CG-4 standards (PSA TSB-ENG-1991-03).
Emissions: Euro 1 certification applies to all models 1991–1998 (VCA Type Approval #VCA/EMS/2346).
Power Ratings: Measured under ECE R85 standards. Output is consistent across all markets.
PSA Technical Information System (TIS): Docs XUD-FAM-01, XUD-TURBO-02, XUD-TIM-01, TSB-ENG-1994-07
VCA Type Approval Database (VCA/EMS/2346)
ISO 8854:2020 Road vehicles — Light vehicles with compression-ignition engines — Gaseous emissions test procedures
The Citroen DHY (XUD9TE/Y) was used across Citroen's BX/Xantia platforms with longitudinal mounting and shared with Peugeot in sedan and estate variants. This engine received platform-specific adaptations-reinforced engine mounts in the Xantia and revised intercooler routing in the BX Turbo D-and from 1993 the facelifted Xantia Series 2 adopted a revised cylinder head casting with improved coolant flow, creating interchange limits. Partnerships allowed Talbot to use the XUD9TE in commercial derivatives. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped vertically on the left-side engine block near the transmission bellhousing (PSA TIS XUD-ID-01). The 7th VIN digit indicates engine type ('X' for XUD series). Pre-1993 models have a ribbed black valve cover with exposed breather hose; post-1993 units use a smoother casting with integrated breather. Critical differentiation from XUD7: Original DHY (XUD9TE/Y) features a Garrett T2 turbo with external wastegate actuator, while naturally aspirated XUD7 uses no turbo. Service parts require production date verification - cylinder heads before 08/1993 are not interchangeable with post-revision units due to cooling channel redesign (PSA TSB-ENG-1994-07).
The DHY (XUD9TE/Y)'s primary reliability risk is cylinder head cracking, with elevated incidence in vehicles used for sustained high-speed driving or towing. PSA internal field reports from 1995 indicated a notable share of pre-1993 units required head replacement before 180,000 km, while UK DVSA records show increased coolant-in-oil failures in neglected examples. Infrequent coolant changes and low fluid levels exacerbate thermal stress, making cooling system maintenance critical.
Analysis derived from PSA technical bulletins (1991-1998) and UK DVSA failure statistics (1992-2000). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about CITROEN DHY-XUD9TE-Y.
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