The Ford LRA is a 2,294 cc, inline-four petrol engine produced between 1984 and 1993. It belongs to the Ford OHV "Valencia" engine family, featuring a single overhead camshaft (SOHC) and 8-valve configuration. Designed for enhanced torque and durability in larger applications, it delivered 67 kW (91 PS) in standard tune with a carburettor, later models adopting single-point fuel injection (SPI) for improved emissions control.
Fitted to models such as the Ford Sierra, Scorpio, and Transit van, the LRA was engineered for drivers seeking dependable performance in full-size and light-commercial vehicles. Its increased displacement provided strong low-end pull, making it suitable for towing and motorway cruising. Emissions compliance was achieved via catalytic converter integration and EGR systems, with post-1988 models meeting early Euro 1 standards.
One documented concern is cylinder head warping under sustained high load or overheating conditions, highlighted in Ford Service Communication 87/560. This issue stems from the thin-deck casting design and improper coolant maintenance. In 1988, Ford revised the head gasket material and cooling system calibration across the Valencia engine range to improve thermal stability.
Production years 1984–1987 meet non-catalyst emissions standards; 1988–1993 models with catalytic converters comply with early Euro 1 standards (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/5681).
The Ford LRA is a 2,294 cc inline-four petrol engine engineered for full-size and light-commercial vehicles (1984–1993). It combines SOHC 8-valve architecture with carburettor or single-point fuel injection to deliver enhanced torque and drivability. Designed to meet early European emissions directives, it prioritises reliability and serviceability in mixed-use applications.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 2,294 cc | |
| Fuel type | Petrol | |
| Configuration | Inline-4, SOHC, 8-valve | |
| Aspiration | Naturally aspirated | |
| Bore × stroke | 84.0 mm × 104.0 mm | |
| Power output | 67 kW (91 PS) @ 4,800 rpm | |
| Torque | 165 Nm @ 2,600 rpm | |
| Fuel system | Carburettor or single-point fuel injection (SPI) | |
| Emissions standard | Pre-cat (pre-1988); Euro 1 (post-1988) | |
| Compression ratio | 8.8:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water-cooled | |
| Turbocharger | Not applicable | |
| Timing system | Chain-driven camshaft | |
| Oil type | SAE 10W-40, API SG/CD | |
| Dry weight | 150 kg |
The LRA provides strong low-end torque ideal for towing and loaded vehicles but requires consistent cooling system maintenance to prevent head warping. SAE 10W-40 oil meeting API SG/CD is essential for valve train protection, especially under sustained load. Overheating events must be addressed immediately due to the thin-deck cylinder head design. Carburettor versions need periodic adjustment for optimal mixture; SPI variants benefit from injector cleaning to maintain drivability. The chain-driven timing system is durable but should be inspected for stretch at 120,000 km intervals. Post-1988 models with catalytic converters require unleaded fuel and regular EGR valve inspection to avoid clogging.
Oil Specs: Requires API SG/CD specification (Ford SIB 87/560). Compatible with Ford WSS-M2C159-B1.
Emissions: Euro 1 certification applies to post-1988 models only (VCA Type Approval #VCA/EMS/5681). Pre-1988 models are non-catalyst and not compliant with modern emissions zones.
Power Ratings: Measured under DIN 70020 standards. Output varies slightly between carburettor and SPI versions (Ford Group PT-1985).
Ford Technical Information System (TIS): Docs B12453, B13025, SIB 87/560
VCA Type Approval Database (VCA/EMS/5681)
DIN 70020: Power Measurement Standards for Road Vehicles
The Ford LRA was used across Ford's Sierra and Scorpio platforms with longitudinal mounting and utilised in Transit vans for light-commercial applications. This engine received platform-specific adaptations-reinforced mounts in the Transit and revised intake manifolds in the Scorpio-and from 1988 the facelifted Sierra models adopted SPI and catalytic converters, creating interchange limits. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped horizontally on the front face of the cylinder block, near the timing cover (Ford TIS B12483). The 8th VIN digit indicates engine type ('L' for 2.3L OHV). Pre-1988 models have a carburettor and no catalytic converter; post-1988 units feature single-point injection and a catalytic converter. Critical differentiation: LRA has a distributor mounted on the end of the camshaft, unlike the CVH 2.3. Service parts require model-year verification - head gaskets for pre-1988 models are not compatible with post-1988 SPI versions due to revised coolant passages (Ford SIB 87/560).
The LRA's primary reliability risk is cylinder head warping on early builds, with elevated incidence in high-temperature operating conditions. Ford's internal service data from 1989 reported a significant number of pre-1988 engines requiring head resurfacing before 100,000 km, while UK DVSA records show increased coolant system failures in high-mileage commercial variants. Extended idling and coolant neglect increase thermal stress, making regular cooling system maintenance critical.
Analysis derived from Ford technical bulletins (1985-1990) and UK DVSA failure statistics (1990-1995). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about FORD LRA.
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DVLA: Engine Changes & MoT
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Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
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Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151
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