The GM LKD – Petrol is a 1,364 cc, inline‑four turbocharged engine produced between 2011 and 2016. It features a dual overhead camshaft (DOHC) design with variable valve timing (VVT) and direct fuel injection, delivering a balance of efficiency and responsiveness for its compact segment. In standard form, it produced 103 kW (140 PS) and 200 Nm of torque, enabling brisk acceleration from its small displacement.
Fitted primarily to the Chevrolet Cruze and Opel Astra, the LKD – Petrol was engineered for agile urban driving with strong low-end torque. Emissions compliance for its production period was met through precise direct injection and a close-coupled catalytic converter system, aligning with Euro 5 standards across all markets.
A documented service concern is premature wear of the timing chain tensioner, which can lead to excessive noise or, in rare cases, timing slippage. This issue, referenced in GM Service Bulletin #13-07-42-001, is often attributed to material fatigue under prolonged high-RPM operation. Later production runs incorporated a revised tensioner design to mitigate the problem.
Production years 2011–2016 meet Euro 5 standards (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/6790).
The GM LKD – Petrol is a 1,364 cc inline‑four turbocharged engine engineered for compact passenger vehicles (2011-2016). It combines DOHC architecture with direct fuel injection and a small turbocharger to deliver smooth, predictable power delivery and respectable fuel efficiency. Designed to meet Euro 5 standards, it offers a balance of reliability and everyday usability.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 1,364 cc | |
| Fuel type | Petrol | |
| Configuration | Inline‑4, DOHC, 16‑valve | |
| Aspiration | Turbocharged | |
| Bore × stroke | 74.0 mm × 79.5 mm | |
| Power output | 103 kW (140 PS) @ 4,900-6,000 rpm | |
| Torque | 200 Nm @ 1,850-4,900 rpm | |
| Fuel system | Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) | |
| Emissions standard | Euro 5 | |
| Compression ratio | 9.5:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water‑cooled | |
| Turbocharger | Single-scroll (Honeywell) | |
| Timing system | Chain-driven | |
| Oil type | GM Dexos 2 (SAE 5W‑30) | |
| Dry weight | 118 kg |
The turbocharged four-cylinder layout provides eager acceleration ideal for daily commuting but requires adherence to 15,000 km oil change intervals using GM Dexos 2 specification to prevent sludge buildup and timing chain wear. The timing chain tensioner, prone to wear under sustained high loads, should be inspected during major services. Using fuel with an octane rating below 95 RON may cause knocking and reduce efficiency. The direct injection system is susceptible to carbon buildup on intake valves without periodic cleaning.
Oil Specs: Requires GM Dexos 2 (5W-30) specification (GM Owner's Manual). This is a long-life, low-SAPS oil.
Emissions: Euro 5 certification applies to all 2011–2016 models (VCA Type Approval #VCA/EMS/6790).
Power Ratings: Measured under SAE J1349 standards. Output is consistent across specified fuel quality (95 RON minimum).
GM Technical Information System (TIS): Docs MECH-568, FUEL-235, COOL-801
GM Service Information Bulletin (SIB) #13-07-42-001
VCA Type Approval Database (VCA/EMS/6790)
The GM LKD – Petrol was used across GM's global Delta platform with transverse mounting. This engine received platform-specific adaptations-including unique engine mounts for the Chevrolet Cruze and revised intake manifolds for the Opel Astra-creating minor interchange considerations. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped on the front of the engine block, near the timing cover (GM TIS MECH-568). The 8th digit of the VIN typically corresponds to the engine type ('K' for this 1.4T variant). Visually, the engine features a black plastic cam cover with "ECOTEC" branding and a visible turbocharger on the exhaust side. Critical differentiation from naturally aspirated variants: this engine has a turbocharger and intercooler plumbing. Service parts, particularly for the timing system, are generally consistent across all model years, but gasket kits may vary by vehicle model.
The LKD – Petrol's primary reliability risk is timing chain tensioner wear, with elevated incidence in high-mileage or poorly maintained vehicles. GM internal data indicated a notable service rate for this component after 100,000 km, while owner reports frequently cite carbon buildup on intake valves. Adherence to the specified oil type and interval is critical for long-term engine health.
Analysis derived from GM technical bulletins (2011-2016) and aggregated owner-reported failure data (2013-2023). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about GM LKD.
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DVLA: Engine Changes & MoT
Official guidance on engine swaps and inspection implications.
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Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
Euro emissions framework for vehicle type approval.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151
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