The Nissan CA18DET is a 1,809 cc, inline‑four turbocharged petrol engine produced between 1985 and 1990. It features a cast iron block, aluminum head, double overhead camshafts (DOHC), and a single Garrett T25 turbocharger. In standard form, it delivered 127 kW (172 PS) and 221 Nm of torque, with technologies like electronic fuel injection enabling strong mid-range power for spirited driving.
Fitted primarily to the S12 200SX and S13 Silvia/180SX, the CA18DET was engineered for a balance of tunability and everyday usability. Its robust bottom end and accessible turbo made it a favorite for modification. Emissions compliance for its era was managed through its electronic fuel injection and catalytic converter, meeting Japanese and European standards of the time.
One documented concern is premature failure of the factory turbocharger oil feed line, which can lead to turbo bearing damage. This issue, referenced in Nissan Service Bulletin NTB89-089, is often linked to the restrictive design of the original feed line. Nissan later issued revised, higher-flow lines to address the problem.
Nissan
Production years 1985–1990 meet applicable emissions standards for their respective markets at time of manufacture (VCA UK Type Approval data for imported models).
The Nissan CA18DET is a 1,809 cc inline‑four turbocharged petrol engine engineered for sport compact coupes (1985-1990). It combines electronic multi-point fuel injection with a single turbocharger to deliver strong mid-range power and high tunability. Designed to meet contemporary emissions standards, it balances performance potential with mechanical robustness.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 1,809 cc | |
| Fuel type | Petrol | |
| Configuration | Inline‑4, DOHC, 16‑valve | |
| Aspiration | Turbocharged (Garrett T25) | |
| Bore × stroke | 83.0 mm × 83.6 mm | |
| Power output | 127 kW (172 PS) @ 6,400 rpm | |
| Torque | 221 Nm @ 4,000 rpm | |
| Fuel system | Electronic multi-point injection (ECCS) | |
| Emissions standard | Contemporary standards (e.g., Japan 1985, Euro 1 equivalent) | |
| Compression ratio | 8.3:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water‑cooled | |
| Turbocharger | Single Garrett T25 (journal bearing) | |
| Timing system | Chain-driven | |
| Oil type | 10W-40 or 15W-50 mineral/synthetic blend | |
| Dry weight | 140 kg (est.) |
The turbocharged setup provides strong mid-range power ideal for spirited driving but requires monitoring of the factory oil feed line to prevent turbo failure. Using a high-quality 15W-50 oil is recommended for modified or high-mileage engines to protect bearings. The robust cast iron block and forged internals make it highly tunable; many owners upgrade the turbo, intercooler, and fuel system. The ECCS system is relatively simple but benefits from regular sensor checks. Pre-1988 models should have the oil feed line upgraded per Nissan NTB89-089.
Oil Specs: Recommends 10W-40 or 15W-50 (Nissan Service Manual SM-CA18-85). Higher viscosity preferred for tuned applications.
Emissions: Meets applicable standards for year of manufacture (e.g., Japan 1985, Euro 1 equivalent). VCA data applies to UK import approvals.
Power Ratings: Measured under JIS D 1001 standards. Figures are for stock, unmodified engines (Nissan Group PT-1988).
Nissan Service Manual (SM-CA18-85)
Nissan Technical Bulletins (NTB87-055, NTB89-089)
JIS Standards: D 1001 Engine Power Certification
The Nissan CA18DET was used across Nissan's S-platform sports coupes with longitudinal mounting. This engine received platform-specific adaptations-unique engine mounts and exhaust manifolds for the S12 versus the S13-creating some interchange limits. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped on the front of the cylinder block, near the timing cover (Nissan SM-CA18-85). The 8th VIN digit for S12/S13 models often corresponds to the engine code ('D' for CA18DET in many markets). Visually, the CA18DET is identified by its single Garrett T25 turbocharger mounted on the exhaust manifold on the firewall side of the engine. Critical differentiation from the naturally aspirated CA18DE: CA18DET has a turbo, intercooler, and associated piping. Service parts like the oil pan and intake manifold differ between S12 and S13 applications.
The CA18DET's primary reliability risk is turbocharger failure due to oil starvation, with elevated incidence in modified or poorly maintained engines. Nissan service data indicates the original oil feed line was a common point of failure, while owner reports frequently cite cracked exhaust manifolds under high boost. Infrequent oil changes and aggressive driving make preventative upgrades critical.
Analysis derived from Nissan technical bulletins (1987-1990) and aggregated owner/mechanic reports from certified repair facilities. Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about NISSAN CA18DET.
Comprehensive technical documentation and regulatory references
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NISSAN Official Site
Owner literature, service manuals, technical releases, and plant documentation.
EUR-Lex
EU emissions and type-approval regulations (e.g., CELEX:32007R0715, CELEX:32017R1151).
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval & V5C
UK vehicle approval processes, import rules, and MoT guidance.
DVLA: Engine Changes & MoT
Official guidance on engine swaps and inspection implications.
Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA)
UK type-approval authority for automotive products.
Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
Euro emissions framework for vehicle type approval.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151
WLTP and RDE testing procedures for emissions certification.
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval
UK compliance and certification requirements for imported and modified vehicles.
VCA Certification Portal
Type-approval guidance and documentation.
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