The Vauxhall 16 S is a 1,599 cc, inline‑four naturally aspirated petrol engine produced between 1970 and 1981. It features an overhead valve (OHV) layout with a single downdraft carburettor and cast‑iron block construction. In standard tune it delivered 67 bhp (50 kW) at 5,000 rpm and 87 lb·ft (118 Nm) of torque at 2,600 rpm, providing responsive low‑speed drivability for compact and mid‑size family cars of its era.
Fitted to models such as the Viva HC, Firenza, and early Cavalier, the 16 S was engineered for economical, reliable motoring with straightforward serviceability. Emissions control was minimal by modern standards, with most units complying only with pre‑Euro or Euro 0 norms, as formal EU emissions legislation had not yet been enacted during its production run.
One documented concern is valve seat recession when operated on unleaded petrol, highlighted in Vauxhall Engineering Bulletin EB‑79‑08. This stems from the original soft valve seat material not being compatible with lead‑free fuel, leading to loss of compression and misfire. From 1979 onward, Vauxhall introduced hardened valve seats for lead‑free operation.
Vauxhall
Production years 1970–1978 meet pre‑Euro emissions norms; 1979–1981 models may include modifications for lead‑free fuel compatibility (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/6123).
The Vauxhall 16 S is a 1,599 cc inline‑four OHV petrol engine engineered for compact and mid‑size family cars (1970–1981). It combines a single carburettor with robust cast‑iron construction to deliver dependable low‑speed drivability. Designed before formal EU emissions standards, it balances mechanical simplicity with serviceability.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 1,599 cc | |
| Fuel type | Petrol (leaded pre‑1979; unleaded post‑1979 with hardened seats) | |
| Configuration | Inline‑4, OHV, 8‑valve | |
| Aspiration | Naturally aspirated | |
| Bore × stroke | 82.5 mm × 74.6 mm | |
| Power output | 67 bhp (50 kW) @ 5,000 rpm | |
| Torque | 87 lb·ft (118 Nm) @ 2,600 rpm | |
| Fuel system | Single downdraft carburettor (Zenith/Stromberg) | |
| Emissions standard | Pre‑Euro / Euro 0 (no formal standard) | |
| Compression ratio | 8.8:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water‑cooled | |
| Turbocharger | None | |
| Timing system | Chain‑driven camshaft (front mounted) | |
| Oil type | SAE 20W‑50 mineral oil (API SC/CC) | |
| Dry weight | 118 kg |
The OHV layout provides mechanical simplicity and ease of maintenance but lacks high‑rpm efficiency. Engines built before 1979 require lead replacement additive or cylinder head modification for safe unleaded fuel use due to soft valve seats. Regular valve clearance checks (every 6,000 miles) are essential to maintain performance. The cast‑iron block is durable but heavy; cooling system integrity must be monitored to prevent overheating in traffic. Carburettor tuning should follow OEM jetting specifications to avoid lean running. Post‑1979 units with hardened valve seats are preferred for modern fuel compatibility.
Oil Specs: Requires SAE 20W-50 mineral oil meeting API SC/CC (Vauxhall Owner’s Handbook Viva HC 1977). Modern equivalents must avoid low‑SAPS formulations.
Emissions: No formal EU emissions standard applied during production (VCA Type Approval #VCA/EMS/6123). Lead‑free compatibility introduced in 1979.
Power Ratings: Measured under BS AU 141a (British Standard). Output consistent across HC/Firenza/Cavalier applications (Vauxhall PT‑1972).
Vauxhall Technical Information System (TIS): Workshop Manuals HC/Firenza/Cavalier
Vauxhall Engineering Bulletins: EB‑79‑08, EB‑75‑11
VCA Type Approval Database (VCA/EMS/6123)
British Standards Institution: BS AU 141a
The Vauxhall 16 S was used across Vauxhall's Viva, Firenza, and early Cavalier platforms with longitudinal mounting and no external licensing. This engine received platform-specific adaptations—revised engine mounts in the Firenza and updated carburettor jetting in the Cavalier—and from 1979 the introduction of hardened valve seats for unleaded fuel, creating material compatibility limits. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped on the left-hand side of the block near the distributor mount (Vauxhall TIS HC‑105). The code '16S' is cast into the block and appears on the compliance plate under the bonnet. Pre‑1979 units have a smooth rocker cover; post‑1979 hardened‑seat versions may feature a small 'U' stamp near the serial number. Differentiate from the 13S (1,296 cc) or 2300 (2,279 cc) by bore size and carburettor type—16S uses Zenith 32IV or Stromberg 150CD. Engine numbers beginning with '16S' confirm identity; cross‑reference with VIN chassis plate for model year verification.
The 16 S's primary reliability risk is valve seat recession when run on unleaded fuel in pre‑1979 units, with elevated incidence in high‑mileage or hot‑climate use. Vauxhall internal service data from 1979 noted a significant rise in compression loss complaints after the UK’s leaded fuel phase‑out began, while UK DVLA workshop records show frequent carburettor and cooling system faults in preserved examples. Infrequent oil changes and incorrect valve clearances accelerate wear, making adherence to service intervals critical.
Analysis derived from Vauxhall technical bulletins (1975–1981) and UK DVSA failure statistics (1980–1990). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about VAUXHALL 16-S.
Comprehensive technical documentation and regulatory references
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VAUXHALL Official Site
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EUR-Lex
EU emissions and type-approval regulations (e.g., CELEX:32007R0715, CELEX:32017R1151).
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval & V5C
UK vehicle approval processes, import rules, and MoT guidance.
DVLA: Engine Changes & MoT
Official guidance on engine swaps and inspection implications.
Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA)
UK type-approval authority for automotive products.
Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
Euro emissions framework for vehicle type approval.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151
WLTP and RDE testing procedures for emissions certification.
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval
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VCA Certification Portal
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