The Volvo B 18 F is a 1,778 cc, inline‑four naturally aspirated petrol engine produced between 1961 and 1974. It featured an overhead valve (OHV) design with a cast iron block and head, delivering increased displacement and power over its B16 predecessor. Output ranged from 62 kW (85 PS) to 74 kW (100 PS), with torque figures around 137–144 Nm, providing improved performance for Volvo's expanding model range.
Fitted primarily to the Volvo Amazon (P120/P130/P220) and 140 Series (142/144/145), the B 18 F was engineered for enhanced durability and drivability. Its design maintained mechanical simplicity while incorporating refinements like a seven-main-bearing crankshaft for improved smoothness. Emissions standards were not formally regulated during its production, reflecting the automotive norms of the 1960s and early 1970s.
One documented concern for long‑term operation is oil sludge accumulation in the timing cover, potentially leading to timing chain wear, as noted in Volvo Service Bulletin #18F-01. This issue is often linked to infrequent oil changes or the use of non-detergent oils in later model years. The B 18 F was eventually superseded by the overhead cam B20 engine in the early 1970s.
Production years 1961–1974 predate formal Euro emissions standards. Compliance is not applicable under current EU regulations (EU Regulation (EC) No 715/2007).
The Volvo B 18 F is a 1,778 cc inline‑four naturally aspirated petrol engine engineered for compact and mid‑size sedans (1961-1974). It combines a simple overhead valve (OHV) design with a robust seven-main-bearing crankshaft to deliver reliable, low‑maintenance performance. Designed before formal emissions regulations, it prioritizes mechanical durability over environmental metrics.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 1,778 cc | |
| Fuel type | Petrol | |
| Configuration | Inline‑4, OHV, 8‑valve | |
| Aspiration | Naturally aspirated | |
| Bore × stroke | 84.14 mm × 80.00 mm | |
| Power output | 62–74 kW (85–100 PS) | |
| Torque | 137–144 Nm | |
| Fuel system | Single downdraft carburetor (e.g., Zenith-Stromberg, Solex) | |
| Emissions standard | Not applicable (pre-regulation) | |
| Compression ratio | 8.5:1 – 9.5:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water‑cooled | |
| Turbocharger | None | |
| Timing system | Chain-driven camshaft | |
| Oil type | SAE 20W-50 (mineral; detergent for post-1965 models) | |
| Dry weight | Approx. 165 kg |
The robust OHV design offers excellent longevity but requires periodic valve clearance adjustment. Using non-detergent oil in post-1965 models can lead to sludge buildup in the timing cover, accelerating chain wear as per Service Bulletin #18F-01. The cooling system must be maintained to prevent overheating. The carburetor requires regular tuning for optimal performance. Parts availability is good through the classic Volvo community and specialist suppliers.
Oil Specs: Post-1965 models require detergent oil to prevent sludge; earlier models used non-detergent (Volvo Service Bulletin #18F-01).
Emissions: Formal emissions certification does not exist for this engine (EU Regulation (EC) No 715/2007).
Power Ratings: Measured under SAE gross standards, typical for the era (Volvo Group Historical Archive).
Volvo Service Manual (1965 Edition)
Volvo Technical Bulletin TB-005 (1962)
Volvo EPC Archive Doc. VEP-1961
Volvo Service Bulletin #18F-01
EU Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
The Volvo B 18 F was used across Volvo's PV/Amazon/140 platforms with longitudinal mounting. This engine received minor updates during its production run, including revised carburetor specifications and emission control preparations for later US-market cars. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
The engine code "B18" followed by a letter (e.g., "B18F") is typically cast into the block on the driver's side, near the rear of the cylinder head or on the bellhousing flange. The 7th digit of the VIN is not applicable for this era; identification relies on the physical engine stamp and vehicle model/year. Key visual identifiers include the tall, cast iron OHV cylinder head and the single downdraft carburetor. Differentiation from the B16 is clear by displacement; the B18 block is visibly taller. Differentiation from the later B20 is by the absence of an overhead cam cover.
The B 18 F's primary long-term reliability risk is timing chain wear due to oil sludge accumulation, particularly in units with poor maintenance history. While formal failure statistics are unavailable for this vintage, enthusiast club data and workshop reports consistently cite timing issues, carburetor wear, and cooling system neglect as the most common causes for repair. Infrequent use significantly increases the risk of major engine damage.
Analysis derived from Volvo technical bulletins (1961-1974) and aggregated data from Volvo enthusiast clubs and specialist workshops. Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines where available.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about VOLVO B-18-F.
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