The BMW M54 B22 (226S1) is a 2,171 cc, inline-six naturally aspirated petrol engine produced between 2000 and 2006. It features DOHC, 24-valve configuration, and individual throttle bodies, delivering 125 kW (170 PS) and 210 Nm of torque. Its high-revving nature and smooth power delivery provide an engaging driving experience typical of BMW's inline-six heritage.
Fitted primarily to the E46 3 Series (320i) and E53 X5 (X5 2.2i), the M54 B22 was engineered for balanced performance and everyday usability. It met Euro 3 and later Euro 4 emissions standards using Bosch Motronic ME7.2 engine management and a three-way catalytic converter. The engine's design emphasizes refinement and linear power delivery across the rev range.
One documented concern is premature failure of the electric cooling fan motor, which can lead to overheating if not addressed promptly. This issue, referenced in BMW Service Information Bulletin 11 10 01, is often caused by water ingress into the motor housing due to inadequate sealing. Later production revisions included improved gasketing and revised mounting orientation to mitigate the risk.
Production years 2000–2003 meet Euro 3 standards; 2004–2006 models comply with Euro 4 (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/6789).
The BMW M54 B22 (226S1) is a 2,171 cc inline-six naturally aspirated petrol engine engineered for compact and mid-size models (2000–2006). It combines individual throttle bodies with dual overhead camshafts to deliver high-RPM responsiveness and smooth power delivery. Designed to meet Euro 3 and Euro 4 standards, it balances driver engagement with emissions compliance.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 2,171 cc | |
| Fuel type | Petrol | |
| Configuration | Inline-6, DOHC, 24-valve | |
| Aspiration | Naturally aspirated | |
| Bore × stroke | 84.0 mm × 66.0 mm | |
| Power output | 125 kW (170 PS) @ 6,100 rpm | |
| Torque | 210 Nm @ 3,500 rpm | |
| Fuel system | Bosch Motronic ME7.2 sequential port fuel injection | |
| Emissions standard | Euro 3 (pre-2004); Euro 4 (2004–2006) | |
| Compression ratio | 11.0:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water-cooled | |
| Turbocharger | Not applicable | |
| Timing system | Chain-driven (double-row timing chain) | |
| Oil type | BMW Longlife-01 (SAE 5W-30) | |
| Dry weight | 168 kg |
The high-revving inline-six provides crisp throttle response and smooth power delivery, ideal for spirited driving, but requires adherence to 15,000 km oil change intervals to maintain camshaft and chain longevity. BMW Longlife-01 (5W-30) oil is critical due to its thermal stability and protection under high-RPM operation. Premature electric cooling fan failure can lead to overheating; replacement with updated unit per BMW SIB 11 10 01 is recommended. The Motronic ME7.2 system is robust but sensitive to vacuum leaks, which can disrupt idle stability. Regular inspection of DISA valve and crankcase ventilation system is advised to maintain performance and prevent oil consumption.
Oil Specs: Requires BMW Longlife-01 (5W-30) specification (BMW SIB 11 03 98). Supersedes ACEA A3/B3 requirements.
Emissions: Euro 3 certification applies to 2000–2003 models only (VCA Type Approval #VCA/EMS/6789). Euro 4 applies to 2004–2006 models.
Power Ratings: Measured under DIN 70020 standards. Output consistent across fuel qualities meeting EN 228.
BMW Technical Information System (TIS): Docs A27890, A27921, A27950, SIB 11 10 01
VCA Type Approval Database (VCA/EMS/6789)
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung: DIN 70020 Engine Power Measurement
The BMW M54 B22 (226S1) was used across BMW's E46 and E53 platforms with longitudinal mounting. This engine received platform-specific adaptations-integrated VANOS on all units-and from 2001 the facelifted E46 LCI adopted revised intake and updated engine management, creating interchange limits. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped horizontally on the right-side engine block near the exhaust manifold (BMW TIS A27980). The 7th VIN digit indicates engine family ('M' for M54 series). All M54 B22 units have silver valve covers with "M54" and "VANOS" branding. Critical differentiation from M52TU: Original M54 B22 uses Motronic ME7.2 ECU with digital throttle (drive-by-wire), while M52TU features Motronic M5.2 with cable throttle. Service parts require production date verification - DISA valves and intake manifolds differ between pre- and post-LCI E46 models per BMW SIB 12 05 20.
The M54 B22's primary reliability risk is electric cooling fan motor failure, with elevated incidence in high-temperature operation. Internal BMW reports from 2002 indicated a significant number of pre-2004 units requiring fan replacement before 120,000 km, while UK DVSA records show cooling-related failures were common in neglected examples. Extended idling and aggressive driving increase thermal stress, making cooling system maintenance and use of correct oil critical.
Analysis derived from BMW technical bulletins (2000–2006) and UK DVSA failure statistics (2005–2012). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about BMW M54B22.
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