The Citroën XFU, also known as ES9A, is a 3,000 cc, V6 naturally aspirated petrol engine produced between 1998 and 2004. It was developed by PSA Group for use in mid-size and executive vehicles, featuring a 24-valve DOHC configuration and sequential multi-point fuel injection. This engine delivers 155 kW (211 PS) and 290 Nm of torque, providing smooth performance with refined throttle response for grand touring applications.
Fitted to models such as the Citroën C5, C6, and Peugeot 406 Coupé, the XFU (ES9A) was engineered for comfort-oriented driving with strong mid-range power delivery. Its design prioritises smoothness and quiet operation, making it ideal for long-distance cruising. Emissions compliance was achieved through a closed-loop three-way catalytic converter system, enabling Euro 3 compliance across its production run.
One documented concern is premature camshaft wear, particularly on early production units, which was addressed via revised metallurgy and lubrication specifications. This issue, referenced in PSA Technical Bulletin TBB00135, was linked to insufficient oil flow to the cam lobes under sustained high-load conditions. From 2001, PSA implemented updated camshafts and modified oil gallery drilling to improve durability.
All production years 1998–2004 meet Euro 3 emissions standards (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/5678).
The Citroën XFU (ES9A) is a 2,946 cc V6 petrol engine engineered for executive sedans and GT applications (1998–2004). It combines a 24-valve DOHC layout with sequential fuel injection to deliver linear power delivery and smooth refinement. Designed to meet Euro 3 standards, it balances performance with drivability in premium PSA vehicles.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 2,946 cc | |
| Fuel type | Petrol | |
| Configuration | V6, DOHC, 24-valve | |
| Aspiration | Naturally aspirated | |
| Bore × stroke | 83.0 mm × 92.0 mm | |
| Power output | 155 kW (211 PS) @ 5,900 rpm | |
| Torque | 290 Nm @ 3,750 rpm | |
| Fuel system | Sequential multi-point fuel injection (Siemens S3200) | |
| Emissions standard | Euro 3 | |
| Compression ratio | 10.8:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water-cooled | |
| Turbocharger | Not applicable | |
| Timing system | Double roller chain (front-mounted) | |
| Oil type | SAE 10W-40 (PSA B71 2290) | |
| Dry weight | 178 kg |
The V6 layout provides smooth, vibration-free power ideal for relaxed cruising but demands consistent use of 10W-40 mineral or semi-synthetic oil meeting PSA B71 2290 to ensure adequate camshaft lubrication. Extended oil intervals beyond 15,000 km increase risk of cam lobe wear, especially in stop-start driving. The Siemens S3200 injection system requires high fuel quality (RON 95 minimum) to prevent deposit formation. Pre-2001 engines should be inspected for camshaft wear per PSA TBB00135; updated components are available. Cooling system integrity is critical—inspect hoses and thermostat regularly to prevent overheating-related head gasket issues.
Oil Specs: Requires SAE 10W-40 meeting PSA B71 2290 (PSA SIB TBB00135). Not compatible with modern low-SAPS oils.
Emissions: Euro 3 certification applies to all 1998–2004 models (VCA Type Approval #VCA/EMS/5678).
Power Ratings: Measured under ISO 1585. Output consistent across fuel grades RON 95–98 (PSA TIS Doc. B31200).
PSA Technical Information System (TIS): Docs B31200, B31501, B31802, TBB00135
VCA Type Approval Database (VCA/EMS/5678)
ISO 1585: Road vehicles — Methods of measurement of fuel consumption and range
The Citroën XFU (ES9A) was used across Citroën's C5/C6 platforms with longitudinal mounting and shared within the PSA Group for use in Peugeot executive models. This engine received platform-specific adaptations-tuned intake manifolds in the C6 and revised exhaust manifolds in the 406 Coupé-and from 2002 the facelifted C5 Phase 2 adopted revised engine management calibration, creating interchange limits. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped on the front right cylinder bank near the alternator (PSA TIS B31200). The 8th VIN digit indicates engine type ('V' for V6 petrol). Pre-2001 units have silver cam covers with black intake manifolds; post-2001 models use black cam covers. Critical differentiation from ES9J: XFU (ES9A) has non-turbo intake and lacks intercooler plumbing. Service parts require model-year verification—camshafts for pre-2001 engines are incompatible with post-update units due to revised lobe profiles and oil feed (PSA TBB00135).
The XFU (ES9A)'s primary reliability risk is camshaft wear in early production units, with elevated incidence in high-mileage vehicles used for motorway driving. PSA internal reports from 2003 indicated a measurable number of pre-2001 engines requiring camshaft replacement before 180,000 km, while VCA MOT data shows cooling system failures as a secondary cause of engine overheating. Extended oil intervals and use of incorrect viscosity increase lobe and bearing wear, making adherence to 15,000 km service intervals critical.
Analysis derived from PSA technical bulletins (1998-2005) and UK DVSA failure statistics (2000-2010). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about CITROEN XFU-ES9A.
Comprehensive technical documentation and regulatory references
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Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
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