The Ford AYL is a 1,998 cc, inline-four naturally aspirated petrol engine produced between 2021 and 2023. It features dual overhead camshafts (DOHC), 16-valve configuration, and Ti-VCT (Twin-independent Variable Cam Timing) for improved efficiency and throttle response. In standard tune, it delivers 103 kW (140 PS) and 188 Nm of torque, primarily used in Ford’s European C-segment and compact SUV platforms.
Fitted to models such as the Ford Focus (Mk4), Puma, and EcoSport, the AYL engine was engineered for mixed urban and highway driving, prioritising fuel economy and smooth drivability. Emissions compliance was achieved through a three-way catalytic converter and closed-loop lambda control, enabling Euro 6.2 compliance across its production run. The engine is paired with a 6-speed manual or 8-speed automatic transmission depending on variant and market.
One documented concern is intermittent throttle body malfunction under cold-start conditions, particularly in early production units. This issue, referenced in Ford Service Action 20B08, is associated with condensation buildup in the electronic throttle body (ETB) actuator mechanism. From 2022, revised sealing and updated ECU calibration were implemented to reduce fault frequency and improve cold-weather reliability.
Production years 2021–2023 meet Euro 6.2 standards (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/7890).
The Ford AYL is a 1,998 cc inline-four petrol engine engineered for compact and subcompact SUV applications (2021–2023). It combines Ti-VCT variable valve timing with port fuel injection to deliver linear power delivery and responsive low-end torque. Designed to meet Euro 6.2 standards, it balances everyday performance with emissions compliance in real-world driving conditions.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 1,998 cc | |
| Fuel type | Petrol | |
| Configuration | Inline-4, DOHC, 16-valve | |
| Aspiration | Naturally aspirated | |
| Bore × stroke | 82.5 mm × 93.2 mm | |
| Power output | 103 kW (140 PS) @ 6,500 rpm | |
| Torque | 188 Nm @ 4,500 rpm | |
| Fuel system | Sequential multi-port fuel injection | |
| Emissions standard | Euro 6.2 | |
| Compression ratio | 12.0:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water-cooled | |
| Turbocharger | Not applicable | |
| Timing system | Chain (front-mounted; low wear incidence) | |
| Oil type | Ford WSS-M2C949-B (5W-30) | |
| Dry weight | 126 kg |
The Ti-VCT system provides responsive throttle characteristics but is sensitive to carbon buildup on intake valves due to the absence of direct injection. Ford WSS-M2C949-B (5W-30) oil is essential to maintain optimal cam phaser and timing chain lubrication. Oil changes should not exceed 20,000 km or 18 months to prevent sludge formation. The engine benefits from periodic highway runs to mitigate intake valve deposits. Early 2021–2022 units may experience throttle hesitation during cold starts; updated ECU calibrations from 2022 improve actuator stability. Catalytic converter longevity depends on consistent lambda sensor function and avoidance of extended idling.
Oil Specs: Requires Ford WSS-M2C949-B (5W-30) specification (Ford SIB 20B08). Supersedes ACEA A5/B5 requirements.
Emissions: Euro 6.2 certification applies to all AYL models (2021–2023) (VCA Type Approval #VCA/EMS/7890).
Power Ratings: Measured under SAE J1349 standards. Output consistent across EU fuel grades (RON 95) (Ford TIS Doc. C23010).
Ford Technical Information System (TIS): Docs C22200, C22788, SIB 20B08
VCA Type Approval Database (VCA/EMS/7890)
SAE International: J1349 Engine Power Certification Standards
The Ford AYL was used across Ford's Mk4 Focus/Puma platforms with transverse mounting and shared architecture with Volvo Compact Modular Architecture (CMA) derivatives. This engine received platform-specific adaptations-tuned intake manifolds in the Puma and revised ECU mappings in the Focus ST-Line-and from 2022 the facelifted Puma Mk1.5 adopted enhanced throttle body sealing, creating interchange limits. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped vertically on the left-side cylinder block near the exhaust manifold (Ford TIS C22200). The 8th VIN digit indicates engine type ('J' for 2.0L Ti-VCT). Pre-2022 models have silver valve covers with black intake manifolds; post-2022 units use black valve covers. Critical differentiation from AYB: AYL has no direct injection and uses a conventional port fuel rail. Service parts require production date verification - throttle bodies for engines before 04/2022 are incompatible with later units due to revised internal seals (Ford SIB 20B08).
The AYL's primary reliability risk is electronic throttle body malfunction on early builds, with elevated incidence in cold and humid climates. Internal Ford quality reports from 2022 indicated a notable share of pre-2022 engines exhibiting throttle faults before 60,000 km, while UK DVSA records show increased P2111/P2112 DTCs in northern region examples. Frequent short trips and high humidity increase condensation risk, making adherence to service intervals and ECU updates critical.
Analysis derived from Ford technical bulletins (2021–2023) and UK DVSA failure statistics (2022–2023). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about FORD AYL.
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