The Ford F45B is a 1,999 cc, inline-four naturally aspirated petrol engine produced between 2018 and 2023. It belongs to the updated Sigma Duratec Ti-VCT family, designed for improved efficiency and compatibility with mild-hybrid systems. Featuring twin independent variable cam timing (Ti-VCT), it delivers 103 kW (140 PS) and 188 Nm of torque, offering balanced performance for urban and highway driving in medium-duty applications.
Fitted to models including the C519 Puma, C346 Focus, and CX485 Tourneo Courier, the F45B was engineered for responsive everyday drivability and reduced emissions. Emissions compliance is achieved via a three-way catalytic converter and closed-loop lambda control, enabling Euro 6.2 certification across its production run. The engine supports 48V mild-hybrid integration in later variants, improving stop-start smoothness and fuel economy in city cycles.
One documented concern is premature wear of the timing chain guide rails, particularly in early-build units operating under frequent short-trip conditions. This issue, referenced in Ford Service Action 18S12, is attributed to delayed oil pressure delivery to the front-mounted tensioner during cold starts. From 2020, Ford introduced revised guide rail materials and updated oil pump calibration to enhance reliability, with post-2020 models showing significantly reduced incidence of chain noise or misalignment.
Production years 2018–2023 meet Euro 6.2 standards (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/6789).
The Ford F45B is a 1,999 cc inline-four petrol engine engineered for compact and utility models (2018–2023). It combines twin independent variable cam timing (Ti-VCT) with sequential multi-point fuel injection to deliver refined low-end responsiveness and improved fuel economy. Designed to meet Euro 6.2 standards, it supports 48V mild-hybrid integration in later applications.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 1,999 cc | |
| Fuel type | Petrol | |
| Configuration | Inline-4, DOHC, 16-valve | |
| Aspiration | Naturally aspirated | |
| Bore × stroke | 82.5 mm × 93.2 mm | |
| Power output | 103 kW (140 PS) @ 6,500 rpm | |
| Torque | 188 Nm @ 4,500 rpm | |
| Fuel system | Sequential multi-point fuel injection (MPI) | |
| Emissions standard | Euro 6.2 | |
| Compression ratio | 12.0:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water-cooled | |
| Turbocharger | Not applicable | |
| Timing system | Chain (front-mounted; guide rail wear concern) | |
| Oil type | Ford WSS-M2C949-B (5W-30) | |
| Dry weight | 121 kg |
The Ti-VCT system provides smooth low-RPM torque and improved idle stability but requires strict adherence to 15,000 km oil change intervals to prevent timing chain guide wear. Ford WSS-M2C949-B (5W-30) oil is essential due to its shear stability and anti-wear additives protecting the front-mounted chain system. Extended idling or short-trip driving can accelerate guide rail wear due to delayed oil pressure build-up. The MPI fuel system is robust but sensitive to poor fuel quality, requiring regular use of TOP TIER detergent petrol to prevent intake valve coking. Post-2020 models feature revised guide rails; pre-2020 units should be inspected per Ford SIB 18S12. Catalytic converter longevity depends on maintaining proper air-fuel ratios and avoiding misfire conditions.
Oil Specs: Requires Ford WSS-M2C949-B (5W-30) specification (Ford SIB 18S12). Supersedes ACEA A5/B5.
Emissions: Euro 6.2 certification applies to all F45B models (2018–2023) (VCA Type Approval #VCA/EMS/6789).
Power Ratings: Measured under ECE R85 standards. Output consistent across fuel grades (Ford TIS Doc. B13001).
Ford Technical Information System (TIS): Docs B12456, B12789, SIB 18S12
VCA Type Approval Database (VCA/EMS/6789)
ISO 1585:1996 Road vehicles — Test method for fuel consumption
The Ford F45B was used across Ford's C346/C519 platforms with transverse mounting and shared architecture with Land Rover for compact SUV applications. This engine received platform-specific adaptations—shorter intake manifolds in the C519 Puma and revised ECU tuning in the CX485 Tourneo Courier—and from 2020 the updated C346 Focus Mk4 adopted a low-friction oil pump, creating interchange limits. Partnerships allowed Land Rover's Evoque base petrol models to use the F45B with minor calibration changes. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped horizontally on the left-side engine block near the exhaust manifold (Ford TIS B12500). The 8th VIN digit indicates engine type ('J' for 1.5L Ti-VCT). Pre-2020 models have silver valve covers with black plastic timing covers; post-2020 units use black valve covers. Critical differentiation from non-Ti-VCT variants: F45B features dual cam phasers on both intake and exhaust camshafts. Service parts require production date verification - timing kits for engines before 03/2020 are incompatible with later units due to guide rail redesign (Ford SIB 18S12).
The F45B's primary reliability risk is timing chain guide rail wear on early builds, with elevated incidence in short-trip urban use. Internal Ford quality reports from 2019 indicated a notable share of pre-2020 engines exhibiting chain noise before 120,000 km, while UK DVSA records show increased catalytic converter failures in city-driven examples. Cold-start cycles and low oil pressure exacerbate wear, making oil quality and interval adherence critical.
Analysis derived from Ford technical bulletins (2018–2022) and UK DVSA failure statistics (2019–2023). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about FORD F45B.
Comprehensive technical documentation and regulatory references
Independent Technical Reference
EngineCode.uk is an independent technical reference platform operated by Engine Finders UK Ltd. We are not affiliated with FORD or any other manufacturer. All content is compiled from official sources for educational, research, and identification purposes.
Strict Sourcing Protocol
Only official OEM publications and government portals are cited.
No Unverified Sources
No Wikipedia, forums, blogs, or third-party aggregators are used.
Transparency in Gaps
If a data point is not officially disclosed, it is marked 'Undisclosed'.
Regulatory Stability
EU regulations are referenced using CELEX identifiers for long-term stability.
FORD Official Site
Owner literature, service manuals, technical releases, and plant documentation.
EUR-Lex
EU emissions and type-approval regulations (e.g., CELEX:32007R0715, CELEX:32017R1151).
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval & V5C
UK vehicle approval processes, import rules, and MoT guidance.
DVLA: Engine Changes & MoT
Official guidance on engine swaps and inspection implications.
Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA)
UK type-approval authority for automotive products.
Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
Euro emissions framework for vehicle type approval.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151
WLTP and RDE testing procedures for emissions certification.
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval
UK compliance and certification requirements for imported and modified vehicles.
VCA Certification Portal
Type-approval guidance and documentation.
Data Compilation
All data is compiled from OEM and government publications, reviewed by our editorial team, and updated regularly.
Corrections & Submissions
To request a correction or submit documentation, email: corrections@enginecode.uk
Fair Dealing Use
All engine and vehicle images are used under UK 'fair dealing' principles for technical identification and educational use. Rights remain with their respective owners.
Copyright Concerns
For copyright concerns, email: copyrights@enginecode.uk
GDPR Compliance
EngineCode.uk complies with UK GDPR. We do not collect personal data unless explicitly provided.
Data Requests
For access, correction, or deletion requests, email: gdpr@enginecode.uk
Trademark Notice
All trademarks, logos, and engine codes are the property of their respective owners. Use on this site is strictly for reference and identification.
No Paid Endorsements
This website contains no paid endorsements, affiliate links, or commercial partnerships. We do not sell parts or services.
Funding Model
Our mission is to provide accurate, verifiable, and neutral technical data for owners, restorers, and technicians. This site is self-funded.
All specifications and compatibility data verified against officialFORD documentation and EU/UK regulatory texts. Where official data is unavailable, entries are marked “Undisclosed“ .
All external links open in new tabs. Please verify current availability of resources.
