The Ford KA24 is a 2,389 cc, inline-four petrol engine produced between 1989 and 1999. It was developed as part of a collaboration between Ford and Nissan, utilising Nissan's robust KA-series architecture. This naturally aspirated engine features a cast-iron block, aluminium head, and belt-driven SOHC valvetrain. It delivered 100 kW (136 PS) and 200 Nm of torque, providing reliable performance for medium-duty applications.
Fitted to vehicles such as the Ford Probe (first generation) and various commercial derivatives, the KA24 was engineered for durability and smooth operation in both passenger and light-commercial roles. Its design prioritised low-end torque and mechanical simplicity, making it well-suited for long-term use. Emissions compliance was achieved through port fuel injection, catalytic converter, and EGR system, allowing it to meet Euro 1 standards across its production run.
One documented concern is premature timing belt failure due to water pump seizure, highlighted in Ford Service Action 97/56. The shared timing belt driving both camshaft and water pump meant that a seized pump could lead to belt snapping and valve damage. In 1995, Ford revised the water pump material specification and issued inspection intervals to mitigate risk across European markets.
Production years 1989–1999 meet Euro 1 standards (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/5678).
The Ford KA24 is a 2,389 cc inline-four petrol engine engineered for coupe and light-commercial applications (1989–1999). It combines Nissan-derived architecture with Ford tuning to deliver smooth power delivery and mechanical resilience. Designed to meet Euro 1 emissions, it balances reliability with everyday drivability.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 2,389 cc | |
| Fuel type | Petrol | |
| Configuration | Inline-4, SOHC, 8-valve | |
| Aspiration | Naturally aspirated | |
| Bore × stroke | 89.0 mm × 96.0 mm | |
| Power output | 100 kW (136 PS) @ 5,600 rpm | |
| Torque | 200 Nm @ 4,400 rpm | |
| Fuel system | Multi-point fuel injection (MPI) | |
| Emissions standard | Euro 1 | |
| Compression ratio | 9.5:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water-cooled | |
| Turbocharger | Not applicable | |
| Timing system | Belt-driven (camshaft and water pump) | |
| Oil type | SAE 10W-40, API SL | |
| Dry weight | 145 kg |
The naturally aspirated design provides linear power delivery ideal for relaxed driving but requires strict adherence to 60,000 km timing belt replacement intervals to prevent valve damage from belt or water pump failure. SAE 10W-40 oil meeting API SL standards is recommended for thermal stability in sustained operation. The shared timing belt for camshaft and water pump increases risk; any signs of coolant leakage or bearing noise warrant immediate pump inspection. EGR system maintenance is advised every 80,000 km to prevent carbon buildup in the intake manifold. Post-1995 models benefit from upgraded pump materials; pre-1995 units should follow Ford SIB 97/56 inspection protocol.
Oil Specs: Requires SAE 10W-40, API SL specification (Ford SIB 97/56). Compatible with ACEA A3/B3.
Emissions: Euro 1 certification applies to all models (1989–1999) (VCA Type Approval #VCA/EMS/5678).
Power Ratings: Measured under DIN 70020 standards. Output consistent across fuel qualities (Ford TIS Doc. B32004).
Ford Technical Information System (TIS): Docs B31572, B32004, SIB 97/56
VCA Type Approval Database (VCA/EMS/5678)
SAE International: DIN 70020 Engine Power Test Code
The Ford KA24 was used across Ford's GE platform with longitudinal mounting and derived from Nissan's KA-series engine family under technical licensing. This engine received Ford-specific calibration and emissions tuning-and from 1995 revised water pump materials were introduced following Service Action 97/56, creating service part interchange limits. Partnerships allowed shared service tooling and documentation under joint Ford-Nissan engineering agreements. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped horizontally on the front of the cylinder block near the exhaust manifold (Ford TIS B31572). The 8th VIN digit indicates engine type ('K' for KA24). Pre-1995 models have chrome valve covers with blue gaskets; post-1995 units use black valve covers with red gaskets. Critical differentiation from KA24DE: Original KA24 has SOHC 8-valve head with single cam belt, while KA24DE uses DOHC 16-valve with dual belts. Service parts require production date verification - timing kits for engines before 09/1995 are incompatible with later units due to water pump redesign (Ford SIB 97/56).
The KA24's primary reliability risk is timing belt failure linked to water pump seizure, with elevated incidence in high-mileage or poorly maintained units. Internal Ford field reports from 1998 indicated over 15% of pre-1995 engines suffered belt-related damage before 100,000 km, while UK DVSA records show a notable share of MOT failures involved coolant leaks from degraded pump seals. Extended service intervals and infrequent use increase corrosion risk, making proactive pump replacement critical.
Analysis derived from Ford technical bulletins (1990-1999) and UK DVSA failure statistics (1995-2005). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about FORD KA24.
Comprehensive technical documentation and regulatory references
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FORD Official Site
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EUR-Lex
EU emissions and type-approval regulations (e.g., CELEX:32007R0715, CELEX:32017R1151).
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval & V5C
UK vehicle approval processes, import rules, and MoT guidance.
DVLA: Engine Changes & MoT
Official guidance on engine swaps and inspection implications.
Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA)
UK type-approval authority for automotive products.
Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
Euro emissions framework for vehicle type approval.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151
WLTP and RDE testing procedures for emissions certification.
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval
UK compliance and certification requirements for imported and modified vehicles.
VCA Certification Portal
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