The Ford P9PA is a 1,499 cc, inline‑three turbo‑petrol engine produced between 2018 and 2023. It features a DOHC 12‑valve layout, direct fuel injection, and a single twin‑scroll turbocharger. In standard tune it delivers 118–140 kW (160–190 PS) and peak torque of 240–270 Nm, enabling brisk urban and motorway performance.
Fitted to models such as the Fiesta ST, Puma ST, and Focus ST‑Line, the P9PA was engineered for responsive performance and everyday usability. Emissions compliance was achieved through a gasoline particulate filter (GPF) and cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), allowing conformity with Euro 6d‑TEMP and later Euro 6d standards depending on model year and market.
One documented concern is high‑pressure fuel pump (HPFP) wear under sustained high load or with substandard fuel quality, highlighted in Ford Service Bulletin TSB 22‑2145. The issue stems from inadequate lubrication in marginal fuel conditions. From 2021 onward, revised pump internals and updated calibration improved durability.
Production years 2018–2020 meet Euro 6d-TEMP standards; 2021–2023 models comply with Euro 6d (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/5678).
The Ford P9PA is a 1,499 cc inline‑three turbo‑petrol engineered for compact performance models (2018–2023). It combines direct injection with a twin‑scroll turbocharger to deliver responsive mid‑range torque and agile throttle response. Designed to meet Euro 6d-TEMP and Euro 6d emissions standards, it balances sporty character with regulatory compliance.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 1,499 cc | |
| Fuel type | Petrol (ULP 95 RON min) | |
| Configuration | Inline‑3, DOHC, 12‑valve | |
| Aspiration | Turbocharged (twin‑scroll) | |
| Bore × stroke | 82.0 mm × 94.7 mm | |
| Power output | 118–140 kW (160–190 PS) | |
| Torque | 240–270 Nm @ 1,600–4,000 rpm | |
| Fuel system | Bosch HDP5 high-pressure direct injection (up to 350 bar) | |
| Emissions standard | Euro 6d-TEMP (2018–2020); Euro 6d (2021–2023) | |
| Compression ratio | 10.5:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water‑cooled with electric auxiliary pump | |
| Turbocharger | Single twin‑scroll (Garrett or BorgWarner, market-dependent) | |
| Timing system | Chain (front‑mounted, maintenance‑free design) | |
| Oil type | Ford WSS‑M2C945‑B (SAE 0W‑20) | |
| Dry weight | 112 kg |
The twin-scroll turbo provides immediate throttle response and strong mid-range pull, ideal for spirited driving. However, the high-pressure fuel pump is sensitive to fuel quality—only EN 228-compliant unleaded petrol (95 RON minimum) should be used to prevent premature wear. Oil must meet Ford WSS‑M2C945‑B (0W‑20) to ensure proper lubrication of the timing chain and turbo bearings. Extended oil change intervals beyond 16,000 km or 12 months may accelerate HPFP and turbo degradation. Post-2021 engines include updated fuel pump internals per TSB 22‑2145.
Oil Specs: Requires Ford WSS‑M2C945‑B (0W‑20) specification (Ford TSB 21‑2089). Not interchangeable with older Ford oil specs.
Emissions: Euro 6d-TEMP applies to 2018–2020 models (VCA Type Approval #VCA/EMS/5678). Euro 6d compliance confirmed for 2021–2023 builds.
Power Ratings: Measured under UN ECE R85. 140 kW output requires 98 RON fuel for optimal performance (Ford TIS Doc. P9PA‑FUEL‑02).
Ford Technical Information System (TIS): Docs P9PA‑ENG‑01, P9PA‑TURBO‑03, TSB 22‑2145
VCA Type Approval Database (VCA/EMS/5678)
EU Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 and (EU) 2017/1151
The Ford P9PA was used across Ford's B‑Car and C‑Car platforms with transverse mounting. This engine received platform-specific adaptations—reinforced mounts in the Fiesta ST and enhanced cooling in the Puma ST—and from 2021 the Focus ST-Line received updated engine calibration and GPF tuning, creating minor ECU interchange limits. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped on the front timing cover near the crank pulley (Ford TIS P9PA‑ID‑01). The 7th and 8th VIN digits indicate engine variant ('PJ' for 160 PS, 'PK' for 200 PS). All P9PA units feature a black plastic intake manifold with '1.5 EcoBoost' badge. Critical differentiation from earlier 1.5L EcoBoost (Sigma): P9PA uses a cylinder deactivation system (cylinder on demand) and a gasoline particulate filter (GPF). ECU part numbers starting with 'HC3T' or 'JX6T' confirm P9PA application. Pre-2021 and post-2021 HPFPs are not interchangeable due to internal redesign (Ford TSB 22‑2145).
The P9PA's primary reliability risk is high-pressure fuel pump (HPFP) wear under marginal fuel or high-load conditions, with elevated incidence in track or aggressive urban use. Ford internal data from 2022 noted a measurable uptick in HPFP replacements before 80,000 km in non-compliant fuel regions, while UK DVSA data shows GPF-related warning lights as a common MOT advisory item in high-mileage urban fleets. Consistent use of 95+ RON EN 228 fuel and adherence to oil specs make long-term durability achievable.
Analysis derived from Ford technical bulletins (2018–2023) and UK DVSA failure statistics (2020–2023). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about FORD P9PA.
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