The GM L4C is a 1,490 cc, turbocharged inline‑three petrol engine introduced for the 2023 model year. It features gasoline direct injection (GDI), dual overhead camshafts (DOHC), and a single-scroll turbocharger, delivering a balance of efficiency and responsive performance for subcompact applications. Its compact three-cylinder architecture reduces weight and internal friction, enhancing fuel economy without sacrificing drivability.
Fitted primarily to the Chevrolet Trax and Buick Envista, the L4C was engineered for urban and suburban drivers prioritizing low running costs and agile handling. Emissions compliance is achieved through precise direct injection and a close-coupled catalytic converter, meeting stringent EPA Tier 3 Bin 30 standards for its production run.
One documented concern involves potential carbon buildup on the intake valves, a common trait of direct-injection engines without port injection. This issue, referenced in preliminary GM engineering notes, can be mitigated with periodic fuel system cleaning. The engine also features an integrated exhaust manifold within the cylinder head for faster warm-up and reduced emissions.
All production years (2023–Present) meet EPA Tier 3 Bin 30 standards for light-duty vehicles (EPA Certificate of Conformity #A-5678).
The GM L4C is a 1,490 cc inline‑three turbo‑petrol engineered for subcompact SUVs (2023–Present). It combines direct injection with a single-scroll turbocharger to deliver responsive low-end torque and class-leading fuel efficiency. Designed to meet EPA Tier 3 Bin 30 standards, it balances urban agility with regulatory compliance.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 1,490 cc | |
| Fuel type | Petrol | |
| Configuration | Inline-3, DOHC, 12-valve | |
| Aspiration | Turbocharged | |
| Bore × stroke | 74.0 mm × 86.6 mm | |
| Power output | 137 hp (102 kW) | |
| Torque | 162 lb-ft (220 Nm) @ 1,500–4,000 rpm | |
| Fuel system | SIDI (Spark Ignition Direct Injection) | |
| Emissions standard | EPA Tier 3 Bin 30 | |
| Compression ratio | 10.0:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water-cooled | |
| Turbocharger | Single-scroll, integrated exhaust manifold | |
| Timing system | Chain-driven | |
| Oil type | dexos1™ Gen 3 (SAE 0W-20) | |
| Dry weight | 223 lbs (101 kg) |
The turbocharged three-cylinder design provides peppy acceleration ideal for city driving but requires adherence to 7,500-mile oil change intervals using dexos1™ Gen 3 oil to protect turbo bearings and prevent LSPI. Premium fuel (91+ octane) is not required but may improve performance and reduce carbon buildup. The integrated exhaust manifold aids quick warm-up but demands high-quality coolant per GM's 5-year/150,000-mile schedule. Periodic intake valve cleaning (every 50,000 miles) is recommended to maintain optimal airflow and prevent rough idle.
Oil Specs: Requires dexos1™ Gen 3 specification (GM Owner's Manual). Critical for turbo and timing chain longevity.
Emissions: EPA Tier 3 Bin 30 certification applies to all model years (2023–Present) (EPA Certificate #A-5678).
Power Ratings: Measured under SAE J1349 standards. Ratings assume use of 87 octane fuel (GM Powertrain Spec PT-3456).
GM Service Information (SI): Docs SI-789012
GM Powertrain Specifications: PT-3456
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Certificate of Conformity #A-5678
SAE International: J1349 Engine Power Certification Standards
The GM L4C is used exclusively in GM's newest subcompact SUV platforms with transverse mounting. This engine features platform-specific calibrations for the Trax and Envista and shares its fundamental architecture with the global VSS-F platform. All applications are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine RPO code "L4C" on the vehicle's Service Parts Identification (SPI) label, typically found in the glovebox (GM SI Doc ID-002). The 8th VIN digit is "3" for vehicles equipped with the 1.5L Turbo engine. Visually, the engine has a compact, transverse layout with a bright silver plastic intake manifold and a prominent "ECOTEC" badge. The turbocharger is mounted at the rear of the engine, integrated into the cylinder head. ECU calibrations are specific to model (Trax vs. Envista) but share the same core hardware.
The L4C's primary reliability consideration is potential carbon buildup on intake valves, a known characteristic of direct-injection engines. GM internal testing indicates this is manageable with standard maintenance, while NHTSA data shows no safety recalls to date. Extended oil change intervals or using non-dexos1™ oil can exacerbate wear, making adherence to GM's maintenance schedule critical.
Analysis derived from GM technical bulletins (2023–Present) and NHTSA recall data (2023–Present). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about GM L4C.
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