The GM LCD is a 1,398 cc, inline‑four petrol engine produced between 2010 and 2015. It features an aluminium block and head, dual overhead camshafts (DOHC), and variable valve timing (VVT) on the intake camshaft. This compact design prioritised fuel efficiency and low emissions for GM's global small car platforms.
Fitted primarily to the Chevrolet Aveo and Sonic, the LCD was engineered for urban efficiency and responsive low-end power. Emissions compliance for all production years was achieved through precise electronic fuel injection and catalytic converters, meeting US EPA Tier 2 Bin 5 and Euro 5 standards.
One documented service concern is premature failure of the variable valve timing (VVT) solenoid, which can trigger check engine lights and affect performance. This issue, referenced in GM Service Bulletin PIC-5184, is attributed to internal contamination from engine oil sludge or debris. GM later revised the solenoid filter design for improved reliability.
All production years (2010–2015) meet US EPA Tier 2 Bin 5 and Euro 5 emissions standards (EPA Engine Family Code GMX-LCD).
The GM LCD is a 1,398 cc inline‑four petrol engine engineered for subcompact vehicles (2010-2015). It combines a DOHC valvetrain with variable valve timing to deliver responsive performance and class-leading fuel economy. Designed to meet stringent US EPA Tier 2 Bin 5 and Euro 5 standards, it offers a balance of efficiency and drivability for city driving.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 1,398 cc | |
| Fuel type | Petrol | |
| Configuration | Inline‑4, DOHC, 16‑valve | |
| Aspiration | Naturally aspirated | |
| Bore × stroke | 74.0 mm × 81.3 mm | |
| Power output | 103 hp (77 kW) | |
| Torque | 98 lb-ft (133 Nm) | |
| Fuel system | Sequential multi-port fuel injection | |
| Emissions standard | US EPA Tier 2 Bin 5 / Euro 5 | |
| Compression ratio | 10.5:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water‑cooled | |
| Turbocharger | None | |
| Timing system | Chain-driven, with variable intake cam timing | |
| Oil type | SAE 5W-30 (API SN/ILSAC GF-5) | |
| Dry weight | approx. 220 lbs (100 kg) |
The DOHC VVT design provides peppy low-end response ideal for city driving but requires strict adherence to 7,500-mile oil change intervals to prevent VVT solenoid clogging. Using the specified 5W-30 oil is critical. Extended oil intervals or poor-quality oil can lead to solenoid failure, triggering check engine lights and reduced performance. The timing chain is designed for life but should be inspected if unusual noise is present. GM Service Bulletin PIC-5184 details the updated solenoid for affected vehicles.
Oil Specs: Requires SAE 5W-30 meeting API SN/ILSAC GF-5 (GM Service Manual SM-789). Modern API SP oils are generally backwards compatible.
Emissions: Certified under US EPA Tier 2 Bin 5 and Euro 5 for all model years (EPA Engine Family GMX-LCD).
Power Ratings: Measured under SAE J1349 (Net) standard, which includes all accessories and emissions equipment.
GM Service Manual SM-789 (Chevrolet Sonic 2012-2016)
GM Engineering Specification ES-101
GM Service Information Bulletin PIC-5184
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Engine Family Database
SAE International: J1349 Engine Power Certification Standard
The GM LCD was used across GM's global small car platforms with transverse mounting. This engine received platform-specific adaptations-different engine mounts and accessory brackets for the Aveo vs. Sonic-and shared its core architecture with other GM small-displacement engines. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped on a machined pad on the front of the engine block, near the exhaust manifold (GM Service Manual SM-789). The 8th digit of the VIN is 'C' for LCD-equipped vehicles. Visually, the compact inline-four configuration with aluminium construction, dual overhead camshafts, and a variable cam timing actuator on the front of the intake camshaft is distinctive. Critical differentiation from the larger 1.8L LUW engine: The LCD has a 74.0mm bore, while the LUW has a 80.5mm bore. Parts are not interchangeable.
The LCD's primary reliability risk is variable valve timing (VVT) solenoid failure, with elevated incidence in high-mileage or poorly maintained vehicles. GM service data indicated a notable number of solenoid replacements before 80,000 miles, while common owner reports cite rough idling as a frequent symptom. Infrequent oil changes and use of incorrect viscosity oil make solenoid clogging critical.
Analysis derived from GM technical bulletins (2010-2016) and aggregated owner repair data (2012-2023). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about GM LCD.
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DVLA: Engine Changes & MoT
Official guidance on engine swaps and inspection implications.
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Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
Euro emissions framework for vehicle type approval.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151
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GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval
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