The Mazda CA is a 1,839 cc, inline‑four naturally aspirated petrol engine produced between 1989 and 1998. It features a cast iron block, aluminium head, and a dual overhead camshaft (DOHC) 16-valve valvetrain. Output ranged from 85 kW (115 PS) to 92 kW (125 PS), with torque figures around 150–162 Nm, providing a balance of mid-range pull and high-RPM responsiveness.
Fitted to models such as the Familia/323F (BA), MX-3, and Étude, the CA was engineered for compact, front-wheel-drive applications. It offered drivers a blend of refinement and performance, particularly in the higher-output variants. Emissions compliance for its era was managed through electronic fuel injection and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), meeting Japanese 1983 and later 1988 regulations.
One documented concern is premature wear of the camshaft lobes and hydraulic lash adjusters (HLAs), which can lead to a characteristic ticking noise and reduced performance. This issue, noted in general Mazda service advisories for the CA family, is often attributed to infrequent oil changes or the use of incorrect viscosity oil, leading to inadequate lubrication under high load.
Mazda
Production years 1989–1993 meet Japanese 1983 emissions standards; 1994–1998 models meet Japanese 1988 standards depending on market (MLIT Japan Type Approval).
The Mazda CA is a 1,839 cc inline‑four naturally aspirated petrol engine engineered for compact hatchbacks and coupes (1989-1998). It combines electronic fuel injection with a DOHC 16-valve head to deliver smooth, linear power delivery. Designed to meet Japanese 1983/1988 emissions standards, it balances everyday drivability with mechanical simplicity.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 1,839 cc | |
| Fuel type | Petrol | |
| Configuration | Inline‑4, DOHC, 16-valve | |
| Aspiration | Naturally Aspirated | |
| Bore × stroke | 83.0 mm × 85.0 mm | |
| Power output | 85–92 kW (115–125 PS) | |
| Torque | 150–162 Nm @ 4,000–4,500 rpm | |
| Fuel system | Electronic Fuel Injection (EGI) | |
| Emissions standard | Japanese 1983 / 1988 Regulations | |
| Compression ratio | 9.4:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water‑cooled | |
| Turbocharger | None | |
| Timing system | Belt-driven camshaft | |
| Oil type | SAE 10W-30 / 10W-40 | |
| Dry weight | 115 kg (approx.) |
The DOHC 16-valve design offers a smooth, rev-happy character but requires strict 60,000 km timing belt replacement intervals to prevent catastrophic interference engine damage. Using the correct viscosity oil (10W-30/40) is critical for maintaining hydraulic lifter (HLA) and camshaft lobe function. The EGI system is generally robust but sensitive to poor electrical grounds; cleaning the ECU and sensor grounds is a common troubleshooting step. Neglecting oil changes is the primary cause of premature cam/HLA wear.
Oil Specs: Requires SAE 10W-30 or 10W-40 mineral or semi-synthetic oil (Mazda Owner's Manual 1994). API SF/CC or equivalent.
Emissions: Japanese 1983/1988 emissions certification applies by model year (MLIT Japan Type Approval). No Euro standards were applicable.
Power Ratings: Measured under JIS D 1001 standards. Figures vary by specific model application and market (Mazda Technical Data Book 1994).
Mazda Workshop Manual (JM1 BA Series, 1989)
Mazda Technical Data Book (1994)
Mazda Owner's Manual (1994)
MLIT Japan Type Approval Database
The Mazda CA was used across Mazda's BA platform with transverse mounting. This engine received platform-specific adaptations-unique engine mounts for the MX-3-creating minor interchange considerations. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped on the flat boss at the rear of the cylinder head, near the distributor (Mazda WSM JM1 BA). The 8th VIN digit often corresponds to the engine type. Visually, the CA is a DOHC variant with a wide, twin-cam cover. Critical differentiation: The CA has a 1.8L displacement (vs. 1.6L B6) and a unique intake manifold. Service parts like camshafts are specific to the CA and not interchangeable with the B6.
The CA's primary reliability risk is timing belt failure due to its interference design, with neglect being the main cause. Mazda service documentation mandates replacement at 60,000 km, while owner club data shows a high correlation between skipped services and engine damage. Infrequent oil changes accelerate wear on hydraulic lifters and camshaft lobes, making adherence to the maintenance schedule critical.
Analysis derived from Mazda technical bulletins (1989-1998) and aggregated owner club maintenance data (1995-2023). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about MAZDA CA.
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DVLA: Engine Changes & MoT
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Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
Euro emissions framework for vehicle type approval.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151
WLTP and RDE testing procedures for emissions certification.
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval
UK compliance and certification requirements for imported and modified vehicles.
VCA Certification Portal
Type-approval guidance and documentation.
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