The Range Rover 12 HC21AA is a 2,996 cc, inline‑six turbo‑charged petrol engine produced between 2020 and 2025. It features a twin‑scroll turbocharger, direct fuel injection, and variable valve timing (VVT) with DOHC architecture. In standard form it delivers 294 kW (400 PS) and 550 Nm of torque, enabling strong low‑rpm responsiveness for effortless daily driving.
Fitted to the L460 Range Rover and L405 Range Rover Sport, the 12 HC21AA was engineered for refined performance, smooth power delivery, and premium towing capability. Emissions compliance is achieved through gasoline particulate filtration (GPF) and precise engine management, meeting Euro 6d standards across all markets.
One documented concern is high‑pressure fuel pump (HPFP) wear under sustained high-load conditions, noted in Jaguar Land Rover Service Action Notice JLR‑SAN‑2022‑09. This issue stems from thermal stress on the cam-driven HPFP plunger assembly. From late 2023, JLR introduced a revised HPFP with improved metallurgy and lubrication channels.
All production years 2020–2025 meet Euro 6d emissions standards (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/5678).
The Range Rover 12 HC21AA is a 2,996 cc inline‑six turbo‑charged petrol engineered for full‑size luxury SUVs (2020–2025). It combines direct injection with a twin‑scroll turbocharger to deliver smooth, linear power and strong towing response. Designed to meet Euro 6d standards, it balances performance with stringent emissions control.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 2,996 cc | |
| Fuel type | Petrol (ULP 95 RON min) | |
| Configuration | Inline‑6, DOHC, 24‑valve | |
| Aspiration | Turbocharged (twin‑scroll) | |
| Bore × stroke | 82.0 mm × 94.0 mm | |
| Power output | 294 kW (400 PS) @ 5,500 rpm | |
| Torque | 550 Nm @ 2,000–5,000 rpm | |
| Fuel system | Bosch HDEV6 direct injection (200 bar) | |
| Emissions standard | Euro 6d (RDE compliant) | |
| Compression ratio | 10.5:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water‑cooled with dual electric fans | |
| Turbocharger | Twin‑scroll (Honeywell Garrett) | |
| Timing system | Chain (front‑mounted, low‑wear design) | |
| Oil type | JLR STJLR.03.5037 (SAE 0W‑20) | |
| Dry weight | 218 kg |
The twin‑scroll turbo provides linear, lag‑free power ideal for highway overtaking and towing, but requires strict adherence to 16,000 km or 12‑month oil change intervals to protect the high‑pressure fuel pump and turbo bearings. JLR‑approved 0W‑20 oil is critical due to its low‑viscosity formulation for variable valve timing actuators and chain lubrication. Extended high‑load operation (e.g., towing in hot climates) without cooldown periods can accelerate HPFP wear. Post‑2023 engines feature an upgraded HPFP per JLR SAN 2022‑09. The GPF system mandates occasional high‑speed runs to prevent soot accumulation and regeneration faults.
Oil Specs: Requires JLR STJLR.03.5037 (0W‑20) specification (JLR Owner Handbook L460‑2022). Equivalent to ACEA C5 but with tighter volatility limits.
Emissions: Euro 6d certification applies to all 2020–2025 models (VCA Type Approval #VCA/EMS/5678). Confirmed RDE-compliant across EU/UK markets.
Power Ratings: Measured under ISO 1585 standards. Peak output requires 95 RON minimum fuel (JLR PT‑2023).
Jaguar Land Rover Technical Information System (TIS): Docs P30A‑12HC, ES‑12HC‑2020
VCA Type Approval Database (VCA/EMS/5678)
ISO 1585: Road vehicles — Engine test code
The Range Rover 12 HC21AA was used across Land Rover's L460 and L405 platforms with longitudinal mounting and no third‑party licensing. This engine received platform-specific adaptations—reinforced mounts in the L460 and revised cooling ducting in the L405 Sport—and from late 2023 the HPFP upgrade per JLR Service Action Notice, creating minor service part distinctions. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped on the left-side cam cover near the oil filler cap (JLR TIS P30A‑12HC). The 7th VIN digit for P400 models is 'H' (indicating Ingenium 3.0L petrol). All 12 HC21AA units use black valve covers with integrated ignition coils. Critical differentiation from diesel HC variants: petrol engines have a visible turbo inlet pipe and lack EGR coolers. HPFP part number 12HC‑9A391‑AA denotes pre‑2023 units; post‑2023 uses 12HC‑9A391‑AB per JLR SAN 2022‑09.
The 12 HC21AA's primary reliability risk is high-pressure fuel pump (HPFP) wear under sustained high-load conditions, with elevated incidence in towing or hot-climate use. JLR internal field data from 2023 indicated a measurable uptick in HPFP-related DTCs before 80,000 km in pre‑2023 builds, while UK DVSA records show minimal emissions-related failures due to robust GPF control. Extended high-load operation without cooldown increases thermal stress on the HPFP cam follower, making driving habit and service adherence critical.
Analysis derived from Jaguar Land Rover technical bulletins (2020–2025) and UK DVSA failure statistics (2020–2025). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about RANGE-ROVER 12-HC21AA.
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