The Range Rover 12 HC21AA is a 2,996 cc, inline‑six turbo‑charged petrol engine produced between 2020 and 2025. It features a twin‑scroll turbocharger, direct fuel injection, and variable valve timing (VVT) with DOHC architecture. In standard form it delivers 294 kW (400 PS) and 550 Nm of torque, enabling strong low‑rpm responsiveness for effortless daily driving.
Fitted to the L460 Range Rover and L405 Range Rover Sport, the 12 HC21AA was engineered for refined perform…
All production years 2020–2025 meet Euro 6d emissions standards (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/5678).
The Range Rover 12 HC21AA is a 2,996 cc inline‑six turbo‑charged petrol engineered for full‑size luxury SUVs (2020–2025). It combines direct injection with a twin‑scroll turbocharger to deliver smooth, linear power and strong towing response. Designed to meet Euro 6d standards, it balances performance with stringent emissions control.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
Displacement | 2,996 cc | |
Fuel type | Petrol (ULP 95 RON min) | |
Configuration | Inline‑6, DOHC, 24‑valve | |
Aspiration | Turbocharged (twin‑scroll) | |
Bore × stroke | 82.0 mm × 94.0 mm | |
Power output | 294 kW (400 PS) @ 5,500 rpm | |
Torque | 550 Nm @ 2,000–5,000 rpm | |
Fuel system | Bosch HDEV6 direct injection (200 bar) | |
Emissions standard | Euro 6d (RDE compliant) | |
Compression ratio | 10.5:1 | |
Cooling system | Water‑cooled with dual electric fans | |
Turbocharger | Twin‑scroll (Honeywell Garrett) | |
Timing system | Chain (front‑mounted, low‑wear design) | |
Oil type | JLR STJLR.03.5037 (SAE 0W‑20) | |
Dry weight | 218 kg |
The Range Rover 12 HC21AA was used across Land Rover's L460 and L405 platforms with longitudinal mounting and no third‑party licensing. This engine received platform-specific adaptations—reinforced mounts in the L460 and revised cooling ducting in the L405 Sport—and from late 2023 the HPFP upgrade per JLR Service Action Notice, creating minor service part distinctions. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
The 12 HC21AA's primary reliability risk is high-pressure fuel pump (HPFP) wear under sustained high-load conditions, with elevated incidence in towing or hot-climate use. JLR internal field data from 2023 indicated a measurable uptick in HPFP-related DTCs before 80,000 km in pre‑2023 builds, while UK DVSA records show minimal emissions-related failures due to robust GPF control. Extended high-load operation without cooldown increases thermal stress on the HPFP cam follower, making driving habit and service adherence critical.
Analysis derived from Jaguar Land Rover technical bulletins (2020–2025) and UK DVSA failure statistics (2020–2025). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
The most common questions about engine codes, what they mean, how to find them and how this database works
The 12 HC21AA offers smooth power and strong refinement, but early units (2020–2023) had HPFP reliability concerns under heavy use. Post‑2023 revisions improved durability. With proper maintenance—especially oil changes and avoiding constant high-load without cooldown—this engine can be very dependable.
Main issues include high-pressure fuel pump wear, GPF regeneration faults from low-speed driving, turbo actuator calibration drift, and minor front cover oil seepage. These are documented in JLR service bulletins and are generally manageable with correct servicing.
The 12 HC21AA powers the P400 variant of the L460 Range Rover (2022–2025) and L405 Range Rover Sport (2020–2022). It is exclusive to Land Rover and not shared with other manufacturers.
Yes. ECU remaps typically yield +30–50 kW safely on stock hardware, as the inline‑6 architecture and robust internals handle increased torque well. Supporting upgrades (intercooler, exhaust) help sustain reliability. Always use 98 RON fuel with tuned maps.
In a Range Rover P400, expect ~11.5 L/100km (city) and ~8.2 L/100km (highway), or about 28 mpg UK combined. Real-world mixed driving typically yields 25–30 mpg UK, depending on load and driving style.
Yes. Like all modern JLR engines, the 12 HC21AA is an interference design. Timing chain failure—though rare—could cause piston-to-valve contact and severe internal damage. Chain wear is minimal with proper oil maintenance.
JLR specifies 0W‑20 synthetic oil meeting STJLR.03.5037. Always use this exact grade to ensure VVT response, turbo protection, and HPFP lubrication. Change every 16,000 km or 12 months, whichever comes first.
Comprehensive technical documentation and regulatory references
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Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
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