The Renault 852 is a 1,596 cc, inline‑four naturally aspirated diesel engine produced between 1980 and 1986. It features a cast iron block and head, indirect injection via a Bosch mechanical injection pump, and a simple, robust design focused on durability and fuel economy. Output was modest, typically around 35 kW (48 PS), with torque figures peaking near 100 Nm, prioritising low-end pull over outright power.
Fitted primarily to the R18 Diesel and early Trafic vans, the 852 was engineered for dependable, economical transport in an era before turbocharging became common for passenger diesels. Its character is defined by strong low-rpm torque for everyday drivability, albeit with significant mechanical noise. Emissions compliance for its time was minimal, managed through basic engine tuning without complex after-treatment systems.
One documented characteristic is sensitivity to fuel quality and injection pump timing, which if neglected can lead to hard starting or excessive smoke. This is referenced in Renault's technical documentation for the R18 Diesel. The engine received no major updates during its short production run before being superseded by more powerful and refined units.
Production years 1980–1986 meet pre-Euro standards as per applicable regulations for vehicles of that era (VCA UK Type Approval documentation for relevant model years).
The Renault 852 is a 1,596 cc inline‑four naturally aspirated diesel engineered for mid-size sedans and light vans (1980-1986). It combines a robust cast iron construction with a mechanically controlled indirect injection system to deliver strong low-end torque and exceptional fuel economy. Designed for pre-Euro emissions standards, it prioritises mechanical simplicity and longevity over refinement or peak power.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 1,596 cc | |
| Fuel type | Diesel | |
| Configuration | Inline‑4, OHV, 8‑valve | |
| Aspiration | Naturally aspirated | |
| Bore × stroke | 81.0 mm × 77.6 mm | |
| Power output | 35 kW (48 PS) | |
| Torque | 100 Nm @ 2,500 rpm | |
| Fuel system | Indirect injection, Bosch mechanical pump | |
| Emissions standard | Pre-Euro | |
| Compression ratio | 22.0:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water‑cooled | |
| Turbocharger | None | |
| Timing system | Gear-driven camshaft | |
| Oil type | SAE 15W-40 mineral oil | |
| Dry weight | 145 kg |
The engine delivers strong low-RPM torque ideal for heavy vehicles but requires meticulous maintenance of the Bosch injection pump and precise timing adjustment to prevent hard starting, excessive smoke, or poor economy. Using high-quality diesel fuel is critical to prevent pump wear. The simple OHV design is robust but noisy. Regular valve clearance checks (every 20,000 km) are essential. Cold weather starting requires a fully charged battery and functional glow plugs.
Oil Specs: Requires SAE 15W-40 mineral oil specification (Renault Owner's Manual). Modern low-ash oils are not required.
Emissions: Pre-Euro certification applies to vehicles manufactured during this period (VCA Type Approval Database for relevant Renault models).
Power Ratings: Measured under DIN 70020 standards. Output is consistent across applications (Renault Group PT Archive).
Renault Technical Information System (Workshop Manuals 77 11 060 800, 77 11 060 801)
Renault EPC (Electronic Parts Catalogue)
Renault Owner's Manuals (R18 Diesel)
The Renault 852 was used across Renault's R18 platform with longitudinal mounting. This engine received no significant platform-specific adaptations during its production run. All applications are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped on a flat pad on the front face of the cylinder block, near the timing cover. The code will read "852" followed by a serial number. Visually, it is a heavy, all-cast-iron engine with a prominent Bosch injection pump mounted on the side and a simple valve cover. Differentiate from the later 860/861 (1.9L) by displacement and the F8M (1.6L petrol) by the presence of the injection pump and diesel-specific ancillaries. Service parts are generally compatible across all 852 applications.
The 852's primary reliability risk is injection pump wear or timing drift, with elevated incidence in vehicles using poor-quality fuel or subjected to infrequent servicing. Renault service documentation highlights the critical nature of pump maintenance, while owner reports frequently cite glow plug failures as a common cause of starting problems. Neglecting these basic services makes addressing drivability and starting issues critical.
Analysis derived from Renault technical bulletins (1980-1986) and owner-reported failure patterns. Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about RENAULT 852.
Comprehensive technical documentation and regulatory references
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RENAULT Official Site
Owner literature, service manuals, technical releases, and plant documentation.
EUR-Lex
EU emissions and type-approval regulations (e.g., CELEX:32007R0715, CELEX:32017R1151).
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval & V5C
UK vehicle approval processes, import rules, and MoT guidance.
DVLA: Engine Changes & MoT
Official guidance on engine swaps and inspection implications.
Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA)
UK type-approval authority for automotive products.
Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
Euro emissions framework for vehicle type approval.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151
WLTP and RDE testing procedures for emissions certification.
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval
UK compliance and certification requirements for imported and modified vehicles.
VCA Certification Portal
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