The Subaru FA20 is a 1,998 cc, flat — four naturally aspirated and turbocharged petrol engine produced between 2012 and 2021. It features dual overhead camshafts (DOHC), 16 — valve configuration, and Subaru's Dual VVT system with direct injection. In standard tune, it delivered 147 kW (200 PS) at 5,600 rpm and 205 Nm of torque at 4,000 rpm in naturally aspirated form, while the turbocharged DIT variant produced 177 kW (241 PS) at 5,600 rpm and 350 Nm at 2,000–4,800 rpm.
Fitted t…
Subaru
Production years 2012–2015 meet Euro 5 standards; 2016–2021 models may have Euro 6 compliance depending on market (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/4040).
The Subaru FA20 is a 1,998 cc flat-four petrol engine engineered for sports and mid-size applications (2012–2021). It combines direct injection with DOHC valvetrain to deliver high-revving performance and elevated drivability. Designed to meet Euro 5 (and later Euro 6) standards, it balances track-inspired character with road usability.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
Displacement | 1,998 cc | |
Fuel type | Petrol | |
Configuration | Flat-4, DOHC, 16-valve | |
Aspiration | Naturally aspirated / Turbocharged (DIT) | |
Bore × stroke | 86.0 mm × 86.0 mm | |
Power output | 147–177 kW (200–241 PS) | |
Torque | 205–350 Nm @ 4,000–4,800 rpm | |
Fuel system | Direct injection (DI) with port assist (DPI+) | |
Emissions standard | Euro 5 (pre-2016); Euro 6 depending on market | |
Compression ratio | 12.5:1 (NA), 10.6:1 (DIT) | |
Cooling system | Water-cooled | |
Turbocharger | IHI VF45 ball-bearing turbocharger (DIT variant only) | |
Timing system | Double-row roller chain (DOHC) | |
Oil type | Subaru 0W-20 (API SN) | |
Dry weight | 138 kg |
The Subaru FA20 was used across Subaru's BRZ/Legacy platforms with longitudinal mounting and no licensed external applications. This engine received platform-specific adaptations-higher-flow intercooler in the Legacy DIT and revised intake manifolds in the BRZ-and from 2016 the updated timing chain guides with improved oil delivery, creating interchange limits. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
The FA20's primary reliability risk is timing chain wear on early builds, with elevated incidence in vehicles with extended service intervals. Internal Subaru quality reports from 2020 indicated a significant number of pre-2016 units required chain replacement before 120,000 km, while UK DVSA records show timing-related faults as a top cause of drivability complaints in Subaru petrol models. Extended service intervals and aggressive driving increase thermal stress, making oil quality and schedule adherence critical.
Analysis derived from Subaru technical bulletins (2012–2021) and UK DVSA failure statistics (2013–2021). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
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The FA20 is mechanically robust with good longevity when properly maintained. Early models (2012-2016) are prone to timing chain wear, but post-2016 revisions resolved this with improved guides and tensioners. Regular oil changes (every 10,000 km), use of correct Subaru 0W-20 oil, and attention to cooling system ensure long-term reliability. The strong flat-four architecture supports high mileage with minimal wear when serviced correctly.
Primary issues include timing chain wear (especially pre-2016), high-pressure fuel pump failure, intake manifold carbon buildup, and coolant leaks from the water pump. These are well-documented in Subaru service bulletins and stem from component aging, thermal stress, and maintenance neglect. The 2016 timing guide update significantly improved system durability.
The FA20 was used in the BRZ and Japanese-market Legacy GT DIT. It was part of Subaru's strategy to offer high-revving petrol powertrains in regions with demand for driver-focused sports cars and performance sedans. No licensed applications outside Subaru. The engine was co-developed with Toyota for the joint BRZ/86 project.
Yes. The FA20 responds exceptionally well to ECU remapping, with safe gains of +30-60 PS achievable on stock hardware. Aftermarket upgrades like performance camshafts, headers, and exhaust systems allow even greater increases. The DIT turbo variant supports higher boost levels with supporting mods. Enthusiasts often pair ECU tuning with forced induction upgrades for maximum performance.
In combined driving, expect 8.0–9.5 L/100km (35–29 mpg UK). Highway cruising can achieve ~7.0 L/100km (~40 mpg UK), while city driving may exceed 11.0 L/100km (26 mpg UK). Real-world figures depend heavily on driving style and vehicle weight, with BRZ models generally more efficient than Legacy DIT. The engine's responsiveness comes at the cost of efficiency.
Yes. The FA20 is an interference engine. If the timing chain fails or skips, pistons will contact open valves, causing catastrophic internal damage. While the double-row roller chain is durable, any signs of rattle or tensioner wear should be investigated immediately to prevent engine seizure. Regular oil changes help maintain chain tensioner function and lubrication.
Subaru specifies SAE 0W-20 oil meeting API SN standard. Use a high-quality synthetic designed for petrol engines. Change oil every 10,000 km or annually to protect the hydraulic lifters, timing chain, and valvetrain. Proper lubrication is essential for long-term reliability, especially under sustained load or high-temperature operation.
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DVLA: Engine Changes & MoT
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Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
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