The SUBARU FA20D is a 1,998 cc, flat-four petrol engine produced between 2012 and 2021. It features a DOHC valvetrain with Dual Active Valve Control System (DAVCS), direct fuel injection (DI), and aluminium block and head construction, delivering high-revving performance for all-wheel-drive applications. In standard tune it produced 147 kW (200 PS) with 205 Nm of torque, forming part of Subaru's FA engine family.
Fitted to models such as the Subaru BRZ and Scion FR-S, the FA20D was engineered for balanced handling, driver engagement, and emissions compliance. Emissions compliance was achieved through exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and a catalytic converter, allowing all units to meet Euro 5 standards (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/9244).
One documented concern is premature timing chain wear, highlighted in Subaru Service Information Bulletin 13-NA-046. This issue is linked to inadequate lubrication at the chain tensioner during sustained high-RPM operation and extended oil change intervals. In 2016, Subaru revised the oil pump design and updated chain guide materials to improve durability, marking a key update during the engine's production run.
Subaru
All production years (2012–2021) meet Euro 5 emissions standards (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/9244).
The SUBARU FA20D is a 1,998 cc flat-four petrol engine engineered for rear-wheel-drive sports coupes (2012–2021). It combines DOHC architecture with direct injection and variable valve timing to deliver high-revving responsiveness. Designed to meet Euro 5 standards, it represents a performance-oriented iteration of Subaru's horizontally-opposed engine platform.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 1,998 cc | |
| Fuel type | Petrol | |
| Configuration | Flat-4, DOHC, 16-valve | |
| Aspiration | Naturally aspirated | |
| Bore × stroke | 86.0 mm × 86.0 mm | |
| Power output | 147 kW (200 PS) @ 7,000 rpm | |
| Torque | 205 Nm @ 6,400–6,600 rpm | |
| Fuel system | Direct injection (DI) | |
| Emissions standard | Euro 5 | |
| Compression ratio | 12.5:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water-cooled | |
| Turbocharger | Not applicable | |
| Timing system | Single-row roller chain (interference design) | |
| Oil type | SAE 5W-30 (API SM) | |
| Dry weight | 133 kg |
The DOHC flat-four design demands strict adherence to 10,000 km oil change intervals to prevent timing chain and lifter wear. SAE 5W-30 API SM oil is essential due to its stability under sustained high-RPM conditions. Extended warm-up periods are recommended before aggressive driving to ensure proper oil circulation. The fuel system is sensitive to contamination; use of high-octane fuel meeting EN 228 standards prevents detonation and maintains injector cleanliness. Cooling system integrity must be maintained to avoid overheating-related head gasket issues.
Oil Specs: Requires SAE 5W-30 API SM specification (Subaru Service Manual 2012-0377).
Emissions: Certified to Euro 5 standards (VCA #VCA/EMS/9244).
Power Ratings: Measured under SAE J1349 standards. 147 kW output requires 95 RON fuel (Subaru TIS Doc. A24722).
Subaru Technical Information System (TIS): Docs A24722, A25174, SIB 13-NA-046
VCA Type Approval Database (VCA/EMS/9244)
SAE International: J1349 Engine Power Certification Standards
The SUBARU FA20D was used across Subaru's ZC platform with transverse mounting and licensed to Toyota for transverse applications in global markets. This engine received platform-specific adaptations-shortened intake manifolds in the BRZ and revised cooling routing in the FR-S-and from 2016 the facelifted BRZ models adopted updated ECU calibration, creating minor software differences. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped vertically on the left-side engine block near the exhaust manifold (Subaru TIS A25122). The 8th digit of the VIN indicates engine family ('F' for FA series). Pre-2016 models have silver valve covers with black gasket seals; post-2016 units use black valve covers. Critical differentiation from FA20X: Original FA20D has Denso ECU with 40-pin connector and naturally aspirated design, while FA20X uses turbocharging. Service parts require production date verification—chain guides before 09/2015 are incompatible with later revisions due to internal redesign (Subaru SIB 13-NA-046).
The FA20D's primary reliability risk is timing chain wear, with elevated incidence in track or spirited driving with frequent short trips. Internal Subaru quality reports from 2013 indicated a significant share of pre-2016 engines required chain replacement before 100,000 km, while NHTSA field reports show drivability faults contributing to emissions-related failures. Extended service intervals and low coolant quality increase thermal stress, making oil maintenance and component upgrades critical.
Analysis derived from Subaru technical bulletins (2012–2021) and NHTSA field reports (2013–2020). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about SUBARU FA20D.
Comprehensive technical documentation and regulatory references
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EUR-Lex
EU emissions and type-approval regulations (e.g., CELEX:32007R0715, CELEX:32017R1151).
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval & V5C
UK vehicle approval processes, import rules, and MoT guidance.
DVLA: Engine Changes & MoT
Official guidance on engine swaps and inspection implications.
Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA)
UK type-approval authority for automotive products.
Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
Euro emissions framework for vehicle type approval.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151
WLTP and RDE testing procedures for emissions certification.
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval
UK compliance and certification requirements for imported and modified vehicles.
VCA Certification Portal
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