The Toyota 22R is a 2,366 cc, inline‑four petrol engine produced between 1981 and 1997. It features a cast‑iron block, aluminium head, and a chain‑driven SOHC valvetrain with two valves per cylinder. This robust design prioritises durability and ease of maintenance, delivering outputs around 78–89 kW (105–120 PS) and torque figures of 174–198 Nm, making it ideal for utility and off‑road applications.
Fitted to models like the Hilux, 4Runner, and Celica, the 22R was engineered for reliable, torque‑focused performance in demanding conditions. Emissions compliance for later models was achieved through electronic fuel injection (EFI) and an emissions control system, allowing it to meet evolving US and Japanese standards throughout its production run.
One documented engineering update addressed potential head gasket failure in early EFI units, linked to coolant passage design. This was highlighted in Toyota Technical Service Bulletin EG-0015-85. The update involved a revised multi‑layer steel (MLS) head gasket and updated torque specifications, implemented in engines produced after 1985.
Toyota
Production years 1981–1984 meet pre‑1985 US emissions standards; 1985–1997 models meet US Federal Tier 0 and California standards depending on market (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/8899).
The Toyota 22R is a 2,366 cc inline‑four petrol engineered for trucks and SUVs (1981-1997). It combines a durable cast-iron block with a simple SOHC valvetrain to deliver strong low-end torque and exceptional longevity. Designed to meet US Federal and California emissions standards, it balances rugged performance with basic economy.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 2,366 cc | |
| Fuel type | Petrol | |
| Configuration | Inline‑4, SOHC, 8‑valve | |
| Aspiration | Naturally Aspirated | |
| Bore × stroke | 92.0 mm × 89.0 mm | |
| Power output | 78–89 kW (105–120 PS) | |
| Torque | 174–198 Nm @ 2,800–3,400 rpm | |
| Fuel system | Carburetor (early) / Throttle Body Injection (TBI) (late) | |
| Emissions standard | US Federal (pre‑1985); US Federal Tier 0 / California (1985 onwards) | |
| Compression ratio | 8.8:1 (carb) / 9.0:1 (EFI) | |
| Cooling system | Water‑cooled | |
| Turbocharger | None | |
| Timing system | Chain-driven | |
| Oil type | API SF/CC or SG/CD 10W‑30 or 10W‑40 | |
| Dry weight | 185 kg |
The SOHC design provides strong low-RPM torque ideal for towing and off-roading but requires valve clearance adjustments every 40,000 km. API SF/SG specification oil is critical due to its anti-wear additives for the flat-tappet camshaft. Engines produced before 1985 should be monitored for head gasket integrity; if leaks occur, the MLS gasket upgrade per TSB EG-0015-85 is recommended. The timing chain is exceptionally durable but the tensioner should be inspected during major services.
Oil Specs: Requires API SF/CC (pre-1989) or SG/CD (1989 onwards) 10W-30/40 (Toyota Owner's Manual). Modern API SN oils with ZDDP are acceptable for flat-tappet protection.
Emissions: US Federal certification applies to pre-1985 models; 1985 onwards meet US Federal Tier 0 or California standards (EPA Engine Family #T22R.08FX).
Power Ratings: Measured under SAE J1349 standards. Power figures vary by carburetor/TBI calibration and emissions equipment (Toyota Group PT-1995).
Toyota Technical Information System (TIS): Docs R-22-001, RM200U, TSB EG-0015-85
EPA Engine Family Database (T22R.08FX)
SAE International: J1349 Engine Power Certification Standards
The Toyota 22R was used across Toyota's R platforms with longitudinal mounting. This engine received platform-specific adaptations-reinforced mounts in the 4Runner and specific cooling packages for the Hilux-and from 1985 the widespread adoption of EFI created minor ECU and wiring harness revisions, creating no significant interchange limits. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped on the left side of the cylinder block, just below the exhaust manifold (Toyota TIS R-22-001). The 8th VIN digit for 22R equipped vehicles is typically 'R'. Carbureted engines have a large, round air cleaner housing; EFI (22R-E) engines have a rectangular throttle body and an ECU box under the passenger seat or dash. Critical differentiation from 22R-E: The 22R is carbureted, while the 22R-E uses throttle body injection. Fuel system components are not interchangeable.
The 22R's primary documented concern is potential head gasket failure in early EFI units, with elevated incidence in high-mileage or overheated vehicles. Toyota TSB EG-0015-85 addresses this for affected units, while general reliability is otherwise legendary. Neglecting valve adjustments and using incorrect oil can accelerate wear, making adherence to the maintenance schedule critical.
Analysis derived from Toyota technical bulletins (1983-1990) and US NHTSA complaint data (1990-2000). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about TOYOTA 22R.
Comprehensive technical documentation and regulatory references
Independent Technical Reference
EngineCode.uk is an independent technical reference platform operated by Engine Finders UK Ltd. We are not affiliated with TOYOTA or any other manufacturer. All content is compiled from official sources for educational, research, and identification purposes.
Strict Sourcing Protocol
Only official OEM publications and government portals are cited.
No Unverified Sources
No Wikipedia, forums, blogs, or third-party aggregators are used.
Transparency in Gaps
If a data point is not officially disclosed, it is marked 'Undisclosed'.
Regulatory Stability
EU regulations are referenced using CELEX identifiers for long-term stability.
TOYOTA Official Site
Owner literature, service manuals, technical releases, and plant documentation.
EUR-Lex
EU emissions and type-approval regulations (e.g., CELEX:32007R0715, CELEX:32017R1151).
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval & V5C
UK vehicle approval processes, import rules, and MoT guidance.
DVLA: Engine Changes & MoT
Official guidance on engine swaps and inspection implications.
Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA)
UK type-approval authority for automotive products.
Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
Euro emissions framework for vehicle type approval.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151
WLTP and RDE testing procedures for emissions certification.
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval
UK compliance and certification requirements for imported and modified vehicles.
VCA Certification Portal
Type-approval guidance and documentation.
Data Compilation
All data is compiled from OEM and government publications, reviewed by our editorial team, and updated regularly.
Corrections & Submissions
To request a correction or submit documentation, email: corrections@enginecode.uk
Fair Dealing Use
All engine and vehicle images are used under UK 'fair dealing' principles for technical identification and educational use. Rights remain with their respective owners.
Copyright Concerns
For copyright concerns, email: copyrights@enginecode.uk
GDPR Compliance
EngineCode.uk complies with UK GDPR. We do not collect personal data unless explicitly provided.
Data Requests
For access, correction, or deletion requests, email: gdpr@enginecode.uk
Trademark Notice
All trademarks, logos, and engine codes are the property of their respective owners. Use on this site is strictly for reference and identification.
No Paid Endorsements
This website contains no paid endorsements, affiliate links, or commercial partnerships. We do not sell parts or services.
Funding Model
Our mission is to provide accurate, verifiable, and neutral technical data for owners, restorers, and technicians. This site is self-funded.
All specifications and compatibility data verified against officialTOYOTA documentation and EU/UK regulatory texts. Where official data is unavailable, entries are marked “Undisclosed“ .
All external links open in new tabs. Please verify current availability of resources.
