The Toyota 2A is a 1,290 cc, inline‑four petrol engine produced between 1980 and 1989. It features a cast iron block and aluminium head, single overhead camshaft (SOHC), and 8 valves. This design prioritised simplicity and low-cost ownership, delivering outputs typically between 54–58 kW (73–78 PS) and 103–105 Nm of torque.
Fitted to entry-level models like the Corolla (E70), Tercel (AL20), and Starlet (KP60), the 2A was engineered for reliable, economical transportation in global markets. Emissions compliance for its era was achieved through carburetion and basic emission controls, meeting pre-Euro standards applicable at the time.
One documented service consideration is the susceptibility of the timing belt to wear if not replaced at recommended intervals. This preventative maintenance, detailed in Toyota Service Schedule SS-2A-80, is critical as the 2A is an interference engine, where belt failure can cause significant internal damage.
Production years 1980–1989 meet pre-Euro emissions standards for applicable markets (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/2345).
The Toyota 2A is a 1,290 cc inline‑four naturally aspirated petrol engine engineered for compact economy cars (1980-1989). It combines a simple SOHC valvetrain with carburetion to deliver dependable, low-cost performance. Designed for pre-Euro emissions standards, it prioritizes mechanical simplicity and ease of maintenance.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 1,290 cc | |
| Fuel type | Petrol | |
| Configuration | Inline‑4, SOHC, 8‑valve | |
| Aspiration | Naturally Aspirated | |
| Bore × stroke | 73.0 mm × 77.0 mm | |
| Power output | 54–58 kW (73–78 PS) | |
| Torque | 103–105 Nm @ 3,600 rpm | |
| Fuel system | Carburetor (Aisan or Toyota) | |
| Emissions standard | Pre-Euro | |
| Compression ratio | 9.0:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water‑cooled | |
| Turbocharger | None | |
| Timing system | Belt-driven | |
| Oil type | API SF/SG, SAE 10W‑40 | |
| Dry weight | 110 kg |
The simple SOHC design offers robust reliability but requires strict adherence to the 60,000 km timing belt replacement interval to prevent catastrophic engine failure due to its interference design. Using correct viscosity oil (10W-40) is important for bearing and valve train longevity. The carburetor demands periodic adjustment and cleaning for optimal performance and fuel economy. Regular valve clearance checks (every 20,000 km) are recommended to maintain efficiency.
Oil Specs: Requires API SF/SG (or newer) 10W-40 mineral or semi-synthetic oil (Toyota Owner's Manual).
Emissions: Pre-Euro certification applies to all 1980-1989 models for applicable markets (VCA Type Approval #VCA/EMS/2345).
Power Ratings: Measured under SAE J1349 standards. Output varies slightly by model year and carburetor calibration (Toyota Group PT-1985).
Toyota Technical Information System (TIS): Docs RM214U, SS-2A-80
VCA Type Approval Database (VCA/EMS/2345)
SAE International: J1349 Engine Power Certification Standards
The Toyota 2A was used across Toyota's A platform with transverse mounting. This engine received minor platform-specific adaptations-different engine mounts for the Tercel and Corolla-creating minimal interchange limits. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped on the front of the engine block, near the timing belt cover (Toyota TIS RM214U). The 8th VIN digit typically indicates engine type ('A' for 2A series). The 2A has a simple, unadorned black or silver valve cover. Critical differentiation from the 3A: The 2A is 1.3L (1290cc) while the 3A is 1.5L (1452cc). The cylinder head casting number for the 2A typically starts with '2A'. Service parts like pistons and crankshafts are not interchangeable between 2A and 3A engines.
The 2A's primary documented reliability risk is timing belt failure due to age or missed service, with elevated incidence in high-mileage or poorly maintained vehicles. Toyota Service Schedule SS-2A-80 mandates replacement to prevent catastrophic damage, while general owner data indicates diligent maintenance yields exceptional longevity. Extended service intervals make adherence to the 60,000 km replacement schedule critical.
Analysis derived from Toyota service schedules (1980-1989) and general owner-reported failure data (1980-2023). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about TOYOTA 2A.
Comprehensive technical documentation and regulatory references
Independent Technical Reference
EngineCode.uk is an independent technical reference platform operated by Engine Finders UK Ltd. We are not affiliated with TOYOTA or any other manufacturer. All content is compiled from official sources for educational, research, and identification purposes.
Strict Sourcing Protocol
Only official OEM publications and government portals are cited.
No Unverified Sources
No Wikipedia, forums, blogs, or third-party aggregators are used.
Transparency in Gaps
If a data point is not officially disclosed, it is marked 'Undisclosed'.
Regulatory Stability
EU regulations are referenced using CELEX identifiers for long-term stability.
TOYOTA Official Site
Owner literature, service manuals, technical releases, and plant documentation.
EUR-Lex
EU emissions and type-approval regulations (e.g., CELEX:32007R0715, CELEX:32017R1151).
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval & V5C
UK vehicle approval processes, import rules, and MoT guidance.
DVLA: Engine Changes & MoT
Official guidance on engine swaps and inspection implications.
Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA)
UK type-approval authority for automotive products.
Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
Euro emissions framework for vehicle type approval.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151
WLTP and RDE testing procedures for emissions certification.
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval
UK compliance and certification requirements for imported and modified vehicles.
VCA Certification Portal
Type-approval guidance and documentation.
Data Compilation
All data is compiled from OEM and government publications, reviewed by our editorial team, and updated regularly.
Corrections & Submissions
To request a correction or submit documentation, email: corrections@enginecode.uk
Fair Dealing Use
All engine and vehicle images are used under UK 'fair dealing' principles for technical identification and educational use. Rights remain with their respective owners.
Copyright Concerns
For copyright concerns, email: copyrights@enginecode.uk
GDPR Compliance
EngineCode.uk complies with UK GDPR. We do not collect personal data unless explicitly provided.
Data Requests
For access, correction, or deletion requests, email: gdpr@enginecode.uk
Trademark Notice
All trademarks, logos, and engine codes are the property of their respective owners. Use on this site is strictly for reference and identification.
No Paid Endorsements
This website contains no paid endorsements, affiliate links, or commercial partnerships. We do not sell parts or services.
Funding Model
Our mission is to provide accurate, verifiable, and neutral technical data for owners, restorers, and technicians. This site is self-funded.
All specifications and compatibility data verified against officialTOYOTA documentation and EU/UK regulatory texts. Where official data is unavailable, entries are marked “Undisclosed“ .
All external links open in new tabs. Please verify current availability of resources.
