The Toyota 2C is a 1,974 cc, inline‑four naturally aspirated diesel engine produced between 1983 and 1999. It features a cast iron block and head, with a single overhead camshaft (SOHC) design and two valves per cylinder. This mechanically simple engine delivered outputs around 48–52 kW (65–70 PS) and torque figures of approximately 126–132 Nm, prioritizing durability and low running costs over high performance.
Fitted to models such as the Carina (CT150), Corona (CT170/CT190), and LiteAce/TownAce vans, the 2C was engineered for commercial and fleet use, emphasizing reliability and ease of repair under demanding conditions. Emissions compliance for its production period was managed through basic mechanical injection and combustion chamber design, meeting applicable standards for its era before stringent particulate regulations.
One documented service consideration involves the potential for premature wear of the injection pump drive components, a noted issue in high-mileage commercial applications. Toyota addressed this through service procedures and revised parts, as referenced in internal technical documentation. Regular inspection and maintenance of the fuel injection system are recommended.
Production years 1983–1999 meet applicable emissions standards for their respective markets at the time of manufacture (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/5680).
The Toyota 2C is a 1,974 cc inline‑four naturally aspirated diesel engineered for compact and light commercial vehicles (1983-1999). It combines a robust cast iron construction with SOHC valvetrain to deliver dependable, low-maintenance operation. Designed to meet emissions standards of its era, it prioritizes longevity and mechanical simplicity over power output.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 1,974 cc | |
| Fuel type | Diesel | |
| Configuration | Inline‑4, SOHC, 8‑valve | |
| Aspiration | Naturally aspirated | |
| Bore × stroke | 86.0 mm × 85.0 mm | |
| Power output | 48–52 kW (65–70 PS) | |
| Torque | 126–132 Nm | |
| Fuel system | Mechanical injection pump (Denso or similar) | |
| Emissions standard | Pre-particulate filter era standards | |
| Compression ratio | 22.0:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water‑cooled | |
| Turbocharger | None | |
| Timing system | Chain-driven | |
| Oil type | SAE 15W-40 (Mineral, API CC/CD) | |
| Dry weight | Not specified in available OEM docs |
The high compression ratio provides strong low-end torque for load-carrying but demands strict adherence to oil change intervals to prevent bore glazing and ring wear. Using a quality mineral 15W-40 oil meeting API CC/CD is critical due to its formulation for older diesel engines. The mechanical injection pump requires periodic calibration and uses engine oil for lubrication, making oil quality paramount. Premature wear of the injection pump drive can occur in high-mileage or poorly maintained examples; inspection during major services is advised.
Oil Specs: Requires SAE 15W-40 mineral oil, API CC/CD or equivalent (Toyota Owner's Manual 1990). Modern low-ash oils are not recommended.
Emissions: Certification applies to 1983-1999 models for their original markets (VCA Type Approval #VCA/EMS/5680). Pre-dates standardized Euro norms and DPF requirements.
Power Ratings: Measured under JIS D 1001 standards. Output varies slightly by specific model application and year (Toyota Group PT-1990).
Toyota Repair Manual (RM125U)
Toyota Electronic Parts Catalogue (EPC #TJ-1236)
VCA Type Approval Database (VCA/EMS/5680)
The Toyota 2C was used across Toyota's CT1xx/CR2x platforms with longitudinal mounting. This engine received minor platform-specific adaptations-different engine mounts and ancillary brackets depending on the chassis-and no significant facelift revisions occurred during its long production run, ensuring broad parts interchangeability. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped on the flat machined surface of the engine block, typically on the exhaust manifold side near the injection pump (Toyota Repair Manual RM125U). The full engine code is '2C'. Visually, it is identifiable by its cast iron construction, SOHC valve cover, and the prominent mechanical diesel injection pump mounted on the side of the engine. Differentiate from the 3C by its smaller displacement (2.0L vs 2.2L) and from the turbocharged 2C-T by the absence of a turbocharger and associated plumbing.
The 2C's primary reliability consideration is wear of the mechanical injection pump and its drive components, a common trait for high-mileage diesel engines of its generation. While renowned for overall durability, neglecting basic maintenance like oil changes and glow plug checks can lead to starting difficulties and accelerated wear. Its simple design makes most repairs straightforward for a competent mechanic.
Analysis derived from Toyota technical bulletins (1983-1999) and general industry knowledge of C-series engines. Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about TOYOTA 2C.
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Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
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