The Toyota 2KD-FTV is a 2,494 cc, inline‑four turbo‑diesel engine produced between 2005 and 2023. It features a cast‑iron block, aluminium head, and a chain‑driven DOHC valvetrain with four valves per cylinder. This advanced design prioritises efficiency and torque, delivering outputs between 100–120 kW (136–163 PS) and torque figures of 343–400 Nm, making it ideal for SUVs and light commercial vehicles.
Fitted to models like the Hilux, Fortuner, and Innova, the 2KD-FTV was engineered for robust, economical performance in demanding global markets. Emissions compliance was achieved through common-rail direct injection, variable nozzle turbocharging (VNT), and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), allowing it to meet Euro 4 and Euro 5 standards depending on the model year and market.
One documented engineering update addressed potential injector seal failure leading to combustion gas leakage into the cylinder head. This was highlighted in Toyota Technical Service Bulletin EG-0145-12. The update involved revised injector sealing washers and updated torque procedures, implemented in engines produced after 2012 to improve sealing integrity.
Toyota
Production years 2005–2011 meet Euro 4 standards; 2012–2023 models meet Euro 5 compliance depending on market (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/8822).
The Toyota 2KD-FTV is a 2,494 cc inline‑four turbo‑diesel engineered for SUVs and pickups (2005-2023). It combines common-rail injection with a variable nozzle turbocharger to deliver exceptional low-end torque and strong fuel economy. Designed to meet Euro 4 and Euro 5 standards, it balances rugged utility performance with modern emissions control.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 2,494 cc | |
| Fuel type | Diesel | |
| Configuration | Inline‑4, DOHC, 16‑valve | |
| Aspiration | Turbocharged (Variable Nozzle Turbo) | |
| Bore × stroke | 92.0 mm × 93.8 mm | |
| Power output | 100–120 kW (136–163 PS) | |
| Torque | 343–400 Nm @ 1,600–3,600 rpm | |
| Fuel system | Common Rail Direct Injection (Denso, up to 1,800 bar) | |
| Emissions standard | Euro 4 (pre‑2012); Euro 5 (2012 onwards) | |
| Compression ratio | 16.8:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water‑cooled | |
| Turbocharger | Variable Nozzle Turbo (VNT) | |
| Timing system | Chain-driven | |
| Oil type | Toyota Genuine Diesel Oil 5W‑30 (API CJ-4/ACEA C2) | |
| Dry weight | 205 kg |
The VNT turbo and common-rail system provide exceptional low-RPM torque for towing and off-roading but require strict adherence to 10,000 km oil change intervals to protect injectors and the turbo. Toyota Genuine 5W-30 CJ-4 oil is critical due to its specific additive package for high-pressure fuel systems. Engines exhibiting white smoke or hard starting should be inspected for injector seal failure per TSB EG-0145-12. The timing chain is durable but relies on clean oil; neglecting changes can lead to tensioner wear.
Oil Specs: Requires Toyota Genuine Diesel Oil 5W-30 (API CJ-4/ACEA C2) (Toyota Owner's Manual). ACEA C3 specification is also acceptable for some markets.
Emissions: Euro 4 certification applies to pre-2012 models only (VCA Type Approval #VCA/EMS/8822). All 2012 and later models meet Euro 5.
Power Ratings: Measured under SAE J1349 standards. Power figures vary by application and ECU calibration (Toyota Group PT-2022).
Toyota Technical Information System (TIS): Docs KD-2KD-001, RM500U, TSB EG-0145-12
VCA Type Approval Database (VCA/EMS/8822)
SAE International: J1349 Engine Power Certification Standards
The Toyota 2KD-FTV was used across Toyota's IMV platforms with longitudinal mounting. This engine received platform-specific adaptations-reinforced mounts in the Hilux and specific cooling packages for the Innova-and from 2015 the widespread adoption of DPF created minor ECU and exhaust revisions, creating no significant interchange limits. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped on the left side of the cylinder block, near the fuel injection pump (Toyota TIS KD-2KD-001). The 8th VIN digit for 2KD-FTV equipped vehicles is typically 'K'. Visually, the engine features a common-rail fuel system with injectors and a Denso ECU, and a variable nozzle turbocharger. Critical differentiation from 1KD-FTV: The 2KD-FTV has a 2.5L displacement (bore 92.0mm) versus the 1KD-FTV's 3.0L (bore 96.0mm). Service parts, particularly pistons and connecting rods, are not interchangeable between 1KD and 2KD families.
The 2KD-FTV's primary documented concern is potential injector seal failure in early builds, with elevated incidence in high-mileage or poorly maintained vehicles. Toyota TSB EG-0145-12 addresses this for affected units, while general reliability is otherwise very high. Extended oil change intervals and use of incorrect oil viscosity can exacerbate wear, making adherence to the maintenance schedule critical.
Analysis derived from Toyota technical bulletins (2010-2015) and UK DVSA failure statistics (2015-2023). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about TOYOTA 2KD-FTV.
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DVLA: Engine Changes & MoT
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Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
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Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151
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