The Volkswagen AS is a 1,588 cc, air — cooled flat — four petrol engine produced between 1972 and 1975. It features a single overhead camshaft (SOHC) per cylinder bank, driven by a central gear train, and a single downdraft carburetor. This engine, part of the Type 4 series, delivered 59 kW (80 PS) and 129 Nm of torque, offering a modest but reliable power output for its era.
Fitted primarily to the Volkswagen Type 4 (411/412) and the Porsche 914, the AS was engineered for durabili…
Volkswagen
Production years 1972–1975 meet pre-Euro standards (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/9876).
The Volkswagen AS is a 1,588 cc air-cooled flat-four petrol engine engineered for rear-engine sedans and sports cars (1972-1975). It combines a gear-driven SOHC valvetrain with a single carburetor to deliver smooth, linear power. Designed for the emissions regulations of its time, it prioritizes mechanical simplicity and robustness.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
Displacement | 1,588 cc | |
Fuel type | Petrol (Regular Unleaded) | |
Configuration | Flat-four, SOHC, 8-valve | |
Aspiration | Naturally aspirated | |
Bore × stroke | 85.5 mm × 69.0 mm | |
Power output | 59 kW (80 PS) @ 4,800 rpm | |
Torque | 129 Nm @ 3,000 rpm | |
Fuel system | Single 34 PICT-3 downdraft carburetor | |
Emissions standard | Pre-Euro (1972-1975) | |
Compression ratio | 7.5:1 | |
Cooling system | Air-cooled (fan-forced) | |
Turbocharger | None | |
Timing system | Gear-driven camshafts | |
Oil type | SAE 10W-40 or 15W-40 (Mineral) | |
Dry weight | 110 kg |
The Volkswagen AS was used across Volkswagen's Type 4 platform with rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive mounting. This engine received platform-specific adaptations-reinforced engine mounts in the Porsche 914 for enhanced handling. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
The AS's primary reliability consideration is maintaining correct oil temperature and level in its air-cooled system, with elevated risk during sustained high-speed operation. VW technical documentation notes that overheating is the leading cause of premature bearing wear, while diligent maintenance ensures exceptional longevity.
Analysis derived from Volkswagen technical service bulletins (1972-1975) and UK DVSA failure statistics (historical data). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
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Yes, the AS engine is renowned for its robustness and longevity when properly maintained. Its gear-driven valvetrain is virtually indestructible. The key to reliability is managing oil temperature and performing regular oil changes with the correct mineral oil. Many AS engines have surpassed 200,000 miles with basic care.
The most common issues are overheating due to oil cooler problems, carburetor wear leading to poor running, cracking of the generator bracket, and gradual loosening of cylinder head studs. These are well-documented in VW service literature and are generally straightforward to address.
The AS engine was used in the Volkswagen Type 4 (411/412) from 1972 to 1975. It was also the basis for the 1.7L engine used in the US-market Porsche 914 from 1973 to 1975. It is distinct from the smaller Type 1 (Beetle) engines and the earlier dual-carburetor Type 4 engines.
Yes, the AS responds well to tuning. Common upgrades include dual carburetors, performance camshafts, larger valves, and improved exhaust systems. Outputs of 100+ PS are achievable while retaining good reliability. The engine's robust bottom end makes it a solid foundation for modifications.
Fuel economy is moderate for its era. Expect around 20-25 mpg (US) in mixed driving for a Type 4. Highway driving can yield up to 30 mpg (US). The single carburetor is relatively efficient, but tuning and driving habits significantly impact real-world figures.
No. The AS, like most air-cooled VW engines of its time, is a non-interference design. If the timing gears were to fail (an extremely rare event), the pistons and valves would not collide, preventing catastrophic internal damage.
Volkswagen specified a mineral-based oil, typically SAE 10W-40 or 15W-40, for the AS engine. Using the correct viscosity is crucial for maintaining oil pressure and cooling. Modern high-detergent mineral oils meeting API SF/CC or equivalent are suitable. Avoid using modern low-viscosity synthetics.
Comprehensive technical documentation and regulatory references
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EUR-Lex
EU emissions and type-approval regulations (e.g., CELEX:32007R0715, CELEX:32017R1151).
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval & V5C
UK vehicle approval processes, import rules, and MoT guidance.
DVLA: Engine Changes & MoT
Official guidance on engine swaps and inspection implications.
Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA)
UK type-approval authority for automotive products.
Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
Euro emissions framework for vehicle type approval.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151
WLTP and RDE testing procedures for emissions certification.
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval
UK compliance and certification requirements for imported and modified vehicles.
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