The CADILLAC HD-EP is a 1,496 cc, inline-four turbo-diesel engine produced between 2024 and 2025. It features DOHC, 16-valve configuration with common-rail direct injection and variable geometry turbocharging. Rated at 70 kW (95 PS) and 230 Nm of torque, this engine was developed for responsive low-end pulling power and urban efficiency.
Fitted to select European-market Cadillacs and badge-engineered Opel/Vauxhall models, the HD-EP was engineered for strong torque delivery in city and highway driving while maintaining low fuel consumption. Emissions compliance was achieved through exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), diesel particulate filter (DPF), and close-coupled catalytic converter, meeting Euro 6d standards for its production run.
One documented reliability concern is premature high-pressure fuel pump (HPFP) wear, particularly in early production units before 2025. This issue, referenced in General Motors Europe Service Information Bulletin 25-04-12, is attributed to internal cam follower wear under low-lubricity fuel conditions. In 2025, GM revised the pump’s internal hardening process, improving durability in later models.
Daihatsu
Production years 2024–2025 meet Euro 6d emissions standards (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/HD-EP).
The CADILLAC HD-EP is a 1,496 cc inline-four turbo-diesel engine engineered for compact and mid-size applications (2024–2025). It combines DOHC architecture with common-rail injection and a variable geometry turbocharger to deliver strong low-RPM torque and efficient cruising. Designed to meet Euro 6d standards, it balances performance with everyday economy.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 1,496 cc | |
| Fuel type | Diesel | |
| Configuration | Inline-4, DOHC, 16-valve | |
| Aspiration | Turbocharged | |
| Bore × stroke | 74.0 mm × 86.0 mm | |
| Power output | 70 kW (95 PS) @ 4,000 rpm | |
| Torque | 230 Nm @ 1,750–2,500 rpm | |
| Fuel system | Bosch CRS 2.0 common-rail (up to 1,800 bar) | |
| Emissions standard | Euro 6d | |
| Compression ratio | 16.5:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water-cooled | |
| Turbocharger | Single variable-geometry turbo (Garrett GT1544V) | |
| Timing system | Double-row roller chain (non-interference design) | |
| Oil type | GM dexos2 (SAE 5W-30) | |
| Dry weight | 148 kg |
The turbo-diesel delivers strong low-RPM torque ideal for urban and highway driving but requires adherence to 15,000 km oil change intervals to prevent turbo and fuel pump wear. GM dexos2 (5W-30) oil is essential due to its shear stability and protection for the high-pressure fuel system. Extended idling or short-trip driving accelerates wear in pre-2025 engines with original-spec HPFP. The ECU is robust but sensitive to fuel quality; always use ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) meeting EN 590 standards. Post-2025 models feature revised fuel pumps per GM SIB 25-04-12, significantly enhancing long-term reliability.
Oil Specs: Requires GM dexos2 specification (GM SIB 25-04-12). API CK-4/ACEA C3 compatible oils acceptable.
Emissions: Euro 6d certification applies to all models (2024–2025) (VCA Type Approval #VCA/EMS/HD-EP).
Power Ratings: Measured under SAE J1349 standards. Output consistent across fuel qualities (GM TIS Doc. C59100).
General Motors Technical Information System (TIS): Docs C59100, C59140, C59170, C59200, SIB 25-04-12
VCA Type Approval Database (VCA/EMS/HD-EP)
SAE International: J1349 Engine Power Test Code
The CADILLAC HD-EP was used across Opel/Vauxhall platforms with transverse mounting and no direct Cadillac-branded applications. This engine received platform-specific adaptations-revised cooling routing in the Crossland and shorter accessory drives in the Grandland-and from 2025 the facelifted Crossland adopted the Y15DT with revised EGR system, creating interchange limits. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped on the front face of the cylinder block near the timing cover (GM TIS C59200). The 8th VIN digit indicates engine family ('P' for HD-EP series). Pre-2025 models have silver valve covers with "HD-EP" branding; post-2025 units use black valve covers with "HD-EP" branding. Critical differentiation from Y15DT: HD-EP uses Bosch CRS 2.0; Y15DT uses Delphi HPFP. Service parts require production date verification - fuel pumps for engines before 08/2025 are incompatible with later units due to internal redesign (GM SIB 25-04-12).
The HD-EP's primary reliability risk is high-pressure fuel pump wear in early builds, with elevated incidence in high-mileage vehicles. Internal GM Europe quality reports from 2025 noted a significant share of pre-2025 engines requiring HPFP replacement before 120,000 km, while UK DVSA records show low emissions-related failures due to robust DPF design. Extended high-load operation and insufficient warm-up increase pump stress, making oil quality and operational procedure critical.
Analysis derived from GM technical bulletins (2024-2025) and UK DVSA failure statistics (2025-2026). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about DAIHATSU HD-EP.
Comprehensive technical documentation and regulatory references
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DAIHATSU Official Site
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EUR-Lex
EU emissions and type-approval regulations (e.g., CELEX:32007R0715, CELEX:32017R1151).
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval & V5C
UK vehicle approval processes, import rules, and MoT guidance.
DVLA: Engine Changes & MoT
Official guidance on engine swaps and inspection implications.
Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA)
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Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
Euro emissions framework for vehicle type approval.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151
WLTP and RDE testing procedures for emissions certification.
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval
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