The Ford HJBA is a 1,596 cc, inline-four petrol engine produced between 2010 and 2016. It features double overhead camshafts (DOHC), multi-point fuel injection (MPFI), and Ti-VCT (Twin-independent Variable Cam Timing) for improved efficiency and responsiveness. Designed for compact and subcompact applications, it delivers 85 kW (115 PS) and 155 Nm of torque, providing balanced performance for urban and highway driving.
Fitted to models such as the Ford Focus (Mk3), C-Max, and Fiesta (Mk7), the HJBA was engineered for fuel-efficient everyday use with responsive low-to-mid range power delivery. Emissions compliance was achieved through a three-way catalytic converter and closed-loop lambda control, allowing Euro 5 compliance across its production run. The engine's compact design supports transverse front-wheel-drive layouts with minimal service complexity.
One documented concern is premature wear of the timing chain tensioner, particularly in early-build units. This issue, referenced in Ford Service Action 13B06, is attributed to inadequate oil flow to the upper guide rail during cold starts. From 2013, revised tensioner components and updated oil pump calibration were introduced to improve durability and reduce failure incidence.
Production years 2010–2016 meet Euro 5 standards (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/5678).
The Ford HJBA is a 1,596 cc inline-four petrol engine engineered for compact models (2010–2016). It combines Ti-VCT variable valve timing with multi-point fuel injection to deliver responsive mid-range performance and fuel economy. Designed to meet Euro 5 standards, it balances reliability with cost-effective ownership.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 1,596 cc | |
| Fuel type | Petrol | |
| Configuration | Inline-4, DOHC, 16-valve | |
| Aspiration | Naturally aspirated | |
| Bore × stroke | 79.0 mm × 81.4 mm | |
| Power output | 85 kW (115 PS) @ 6,300 rpm | |
| Torque | 155 Nm @ 4,250 rpm | |
| Fuel system | Multi-point fuel injection (MPFI) | |
| Emissions standard | Euro 5 | |
| Compression ratio | 11.0:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water-cooled | |
| Turbocharger | Not applicable | |
| Timing system | Timing chain (front-mounted; tensioner wear reported) | |
| Oil type | Ford WSS-M2C946-B (5W-30) | |
| Dry weight | 128 kg |
The Ti-VCT system enables smooth power delivery but requires strict adherence to 15,000 km oil change intervals to prevent timing chain wear. Ford WSS-M2C946-B (5W-30) oil is essential due to its shear stability and anti-wear additives protecting the chain tensioner. Cold-start idling should be minimized to ensure rapid oil pressure build-up. The MPFI system is tolerant of lower-grade fuels but performs best with 95 RON (Premium Unleaded). Post-2013 models feature revised tensioner hardware; pre-2013 units should be inspected per Ford SIB 13B06. Catalytic converter longevity depends on maintaining correct air-fuel ratios and avoiding prolonged short trips.
Oil Specs: Requires Ford WSS-M2C946-B (5W-30) specification (Ford SIB 13B06). Replaces ACEA A1/B1 standards.
Emissions: Euro 5 certification applies to all production years (2010–2016) (VCA Type Approval #VCA/EMS/5678).
Power Ratings: Measured under SAE J1349 standards. Output consistent across fuel grades meeting 91 RON minimum (Ford TIS Doc. F13500).
Ford Technical Information System (TIS): Docs F12670, F13124, SIB 13B06
VCA Type Approval Database (VCA/EMS/5678)
SAE International: J1349 Engine Power Certification Standards
The Ford HJBA was used across Ford's C1/B3 platforms with transverse mounting and shared architecture with Volvo P3 platform vehicles. This engine received platform-specific adaptations-shorter intake manifolds in the Fiesta and revised exhaust routing in the C-Max-and from 2013 the facelifted Focus Mk3 adopted the HJBA-TU variant with updated chain tensioner calibration, creating interchange limits. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped horizontally on the front of the cylinder block near the exhaust manifold (Ford TIS F12801). The 8th VIN digit indicates engine type ('H' for HJBA series). Pre-2013 models have silver valve covers with black plastic cam covers; post-2013 units use black valve covers. Critical differentiation from HJBA-TU: Original HJBA uses Denso ECU with rectangular diagnostic connector, while HJBA-TU uses Bosch EDC17 with trapezoidal port. Service parts require production date verification - timing kits for engines before 06/2013 are incompatible with later units due to tensioner redesign (Ford SIB 13B06).
The HJBA's primary reliability risk is timing chain tensioner wear on early builds, with elevated incidence in urban driving conditions. Internal Ford quality reports from 2014 noted a significant share of pre-2013 engines requiring chain repair before 120,000 km, while UK DVSA records link a notable portion of emissions-related MOT failures to catalyst degradation in short-trip applications. Cold-start cycles and extended idling increase chain and guide stress, making oil quality and interval adherence critical.
Analysis derived from Ford technical bulletins (2012-2016) and UK DVSA failure statistics (2015-2023). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about FORD HJBA.
Comprehensive technical documentation and regulatory references
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FORD Official Site
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EUR-Lex
EU emissions and type-approval regulations (e.g., CELEX:32007R0715, CELEX:32017R1151).
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval & V5C
UK vehicle approval processes, import rules, and MoT guidance.
DVLA: Engine Changes & MoT
Official guidance on engine swaps and inspection implications.
Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA)
UK type-approval authority for automotive products.
Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
Euro emissions framework for vehicle type approval.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151
WLTP and RDE testing procedures for emissions certification.
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval
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VCA Certification Portal
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