The GM LSD is a 3,564 cc, naturally aspirated V6 petrol engine produced between 2013 and 2017. It features a 60 — degree bank angle, dual overhead camshafts (DOHC), and variable valve timing on both intake and exhaust camshafts. This architecture delivers smooth, linear power and strong mid — range torque, making it suitable for premium sedans and crossovers.
Fitted primarily to the Cadillac CTS and XTS, the LSD was engineered for refined, quiet operation and responsive pe…
Production years 2013–2017 meet Euro 5 standards (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/5685).
The GM LSD is a 3,564 cc V6 petrol engine engineered for premium mid-size and large sedans (2013-2017). It combines DOHC with dual variable valve timing to deliver smooth, linear power and strong mid-range torque. Designed to meet Euro 5 standards, it balances performance with acceptable fuel economy for its class.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
Displacement | 3,564 cc | |
Fuel type | Petrol | |
Configuration | V6, 60°, DOHC, 24-valve | |
Aspiration | Naturally aspirated | |
Bore × stroke | 94.0 mm × 85.6 mm | |
Power output | 224–239 kW (305–325 PS) | |
Torque | 355–374 Nm @ 3,200–5,200 rpm | |
Fuel system | Sequential multi-port fuel injection | |
Emissions standard | Euro 5 | |
Compression ratio | 11.5:1 | |
Cooling system | Water-cooled | |
Turbocharger | None | |
Timing system | Chain-driven | |
Oil type | GM Dexos1 Gen 2 (SAE 5W‑30) | |
Dry weight | 168 kg |
The GM LSD was used across GM's premium platforms with longitudinal mounting. This engine received minor ECU calibrations for different model applications. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
The LSD's primary documented concern is potential camshaft position sensor failure in early builds, addressed by a GM service bulletin. GM internal data indicated a subset of pre-early 2014 engines required the sensor update. Adherence to correct oil specification and change intervals is critical to prevent secondary issues like VVT solenoid failure.
Analysis derived from GM technical bulletins (2013-2017) and UK DVSA failure statistics (2018-2023). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
The most common questions about engine codes, what they mean, how to find them and how this database works
The LSD is generally very robust. Its chain-driven timing is durable, and the high-compression design is efficient. Long-term reliability hinges on using the correct GM Dexos1 Gen 2 oil and adhering to service intervals to prevent VVT and ignition coil issues, and manage sensor reliability in early units.
The most documented issues are potential camshaft position sensor failure (early builds), VVT solenoid failures due to oil quality, ignition coil failures causing misfires, and oil leaks from valve cover gaskets. These are covered in GM service bulletins and repair manuals.
The LSD was used exclusively in the Cadillac CTS (2013-2017) and Cadillac XTS (2013-2017). It was part of GM's high-feature V6 engine family, featuring dual variable valve timing and a high 11.5:1 compression ratio.
Yes, the LSD responds well to ECU remapping, often yielding gains of 15-30 kW. Its robust internals and high compression ratio can handle moderate increases. Popular upgrades include a less restrictive exhaust and high-flow air filter. Always ensure supporting modifications and professional tuning.
Fuel economy is typical for a 3.6L V6 petrol engine. Expect approximately 13.0 L/100km in the city and 8.0 L/100km on the highway, averaging around 10.5 L/100km (27 mpg UK) combined for a Cadillac CTS. Driving style significantly impacts consumption.
Yes. The GM LSD is an interference engine. If the timing chain were to fail catastrophically, the pistons would collide with the open valves, causing severe internal engine damage. Fortunately, the chain system is very reliable with proper maintenance.
GM mandates the use of Dexos1 Gen 2 specification oil, typically in 5W-30 viscosity. Using this specific oil is crucial for protecting the engine, ensuring proper VVT operation, and minimizing wear on sensors and seals.
Comprehensive technical documentation and regulatory references
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GM Official Site
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EUR-Lex
EU emissions and type-approval regulations (e.g., CELEX:32007R0715, CELEX:32017R1151).
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval & V5C
UK vehicle approval processes, import rules, and MoT guidance.
DVLA: Engine Changes & MoT
Official guidance on engine swaps and inspection implications.
Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA)
UK type-approval authority for automotive products.
Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
Euro emissions framework for vehicle type approval.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151
WLTP and RDE testing procedures for emissions certification.
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval
UK compliance and certification requirements for imported and modified vehicles.
VCA Certification Portal
Type-approval guidance and documentation.
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