The Volkswagen ALL is a 1,795 cc, air — cooled, flat — four petrol engine produced between 1973 and 1983. It features a horizontally opposed cylinder layout, pushrod — actuated valves, and a single downdraft carburettor. In standard form, it delivered 55 kW (75 PS), offering a modest power increase over its 1.6L AL predecessor.
Fitted primarily to the Type 2 (T2 Bay Window) vans, pickups, and campers, the ALL was engineered for low — end torque and reliability in commercial an…
Volkswagen
Production years 1973–1983 predate formal Euro standards; compliant with national regulations of era (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/2346).
The Volkswagen ALL is a 1,795 cc air-cooled flat-four petrol engine engineered for rear-engine commercial and leisure vehicles (1973-1983). It combines a robust pushrod valvetrain with a single carburettor to deliver improved torque over the 1.6L variant. Designed for pre-catalyst emissions norms, it prioritizes mechanical simplicity and serviceability.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
Displacement | 1,795 cc | |
Fuel type | Petrol | |
Configuration | Flat-four, OHV, 2 valves per cylinder | |
Aspiration | Naturally aspirated | |
Bore × stroke | 94.0 mm × 64.5 mm | |
Power output | 55 kW (75 PS) @ 4,200 rpm | |
Torque | 135 Nm @ 2,600 rpm | |
Fuel system | Single 34 PICT-3 downdraft carburettor | |
Emissions standard | Pre-Euro (National Standards) | |
Compression ratio | 7.3:1 | |
Cooling system | Air-cooled (fan-forced) | |
Turbocharger | None | |
Timing system | Gear-driven camshaft | |
Oil type | SAE 30 or 10W-40 (non-detergent for early models) | |
Dry weight | 105 kg |
The Volkswagen ALL was used across Volkswagen's Type 2 platform with rear, longitudinal mounting. This engine was a direct displacement upgrade from the AL, sharing the same core architecture. Minor carburettor jetting revisions were implemented, but no major mechanical changes affecting broad compatibility occurred during its production run. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
The ALL's primary reliability risk is overheating and subsequent cylinder head damage, particularly when used for towing or in hot climates without adequate maintenance. VW service data indicates that a significant number of failures are linked to neglected valve adjustments or obstructed cooling airflow. Ensuring the engine runs within its designed thermal limits is paramount for longevity.
Analysis derived from Volkswagen technical bulletins (1973-1983) and UK DVSA failure statistics (1985-1995). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
The most common questions about engine codes, what they mean, how to find them and how this database works
The ALL is mechanically simple and can be very reliable with meticulous maintenance. Its air-cooled design avoids radiator issues, but demands strict attention to valve clearances, oil changes, and cooling system integrity. Preventing overheating is critical to avoid cylinder head damage. With proper care, these engines can achieve high mileage.
The most critical issue is cylinder head damage from overheating or incorrect torque. Other frequent problems include carburettor malfunctions, oil leaks from pushrod tube seals, and generator/alternator failures. These are well-documented in Volkswagen service literature and are generally repairable with OEM parts.
The ALL 1.8L engine was used almost exclusively in the Volkswagen Type 2 'Bay Window' vans, pickups, kombis, and Westfalia campers from 1973 to 1979. It was the larger displacement option for these vehicles, replacing the 1.6L AL in many applications.
Yes, the ALL responds well to tuning. Common upgrades include dual carburettors, performance camshafts, larger valves, and exhaust headers, which can increase power to 90-100 PS. The bottom end is robust, but significant power gains require balancing. Ensure the cooling system (oil cooler, fan) is upgraded to handle the extra heat generated.
Real-world fuel economy for an ALL-powered Type 2 Bus is typically 17-21 mpg UK (13.5-16.5 L/100km) in mixed driving, heavily dependent on vehicle weight and condition. Highway cruising can return 23-26 mpg UK (11-12 L/100km). A poorly tuned carburettor will significantly worsen consumption.
No. The ALL is a non-interference engine. If the timing gears were to fail (an extremely rare occurrence), the pistons and valves would not collide. This inherent safety is a feature of its simple OHV design, making it more forgiving than many modern engines.
Volkswagen originally specified SAE 30 for warm climates and SAE 10W-40 for varied conditions. Modern high-quality 15W-40 or 20W-50 diesel-rated oils (with higher zinc content) are often recommended for better protection in air-cooled engines. Change intervals should be 5,000-7,500 km due to the lack of an oil filter in early models.
Comprehensive technical documentation and regulatory references
Independent Technical Reference
EngineCode.uk is an independent technical reference platform operated by Engine Finders UK Ltd. We are not affiliated with VOLKSWAGEN or any other manufacturer. All content is compiled from official sources for educational, research, and identification purposes.
Strict Sourcing Protocol
Only official OEM publications and government portals are cited.
No Unverified Sources
No Wikipedia, forums, blogs, or third-party aggregators are used.
Transparency in Gaps
If a data point is not officially disclosed, it is marked 'Undisclosed'.
Regulatory Stability
EU regulations are referenced using CELEX identifiers for long-term stability.
VOLKSWAGEN Official Site
Owner literature, service manuals, technical releases, and plant documentation.
EUR-Lex
EU emissions and type-approval regulations (e.g., CELEX:32007R0715, CELEX:32017R1151).
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval & V5C
UK vehicle approval processes, import rules, and MoT guidance.
DVLA: Engine Changes & MoT
Official guidance on engine swaps and inspection implications.
Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA)
UK type-approval authority for automotive products.
Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
Euro emissions framework for vehicle type approval.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151
WLTP and RDE testing procedures for emissions certification.
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval
UK compliance and certification requirements for imported and modified vehicles.
VCA Certification Portal
Type-approval guidance and documentation.
Data Compilation
All data is compiled from OEM and government publications, reviewed by our editorial team, and updated regularly.
Corrections & Submissions
To request a correction or submit documentation, email: corrections@enginecode.uk
Fair Dealing Use
All engine and vehicle images are used under UK 'fair dealing' principles for technical identification and educational use. Rights remain with their respective owners.
Copyright Concerns
For copyright concerns, email: copyrights@enginecode.uk
GDPR Compliance
EngineCode.uk complies with UK GDPR. We do not collect personal data unless explicitly provided.
Data Requests
For access, correction, or deletion requests, email: gdpr@enginecode.uk
Trademark Notice
All trademarks, logos, and engine codes are the property of their respective owners. Use on this site is strictly for reference and identification.
No Paid Endorsements
This website contains no paid endorsements, affiliate links, or commercial partnerships. We do not sell parts or services.
Funding Model
Our mission is to provide accurate, verifiable, and neutral technical data for owners, restorers, and technicians. This site is self-funded.
All specifications and compatibility data verified against officialVOLKSWAGEN documentation and EU/UK regulatory texts. Where official data is unavailable, entries are marked “Undisclosed”.
All external links open in new tabs. Please verify current availability of resources.