The Volkswagen B is a 1,588 cc, air‑cooled flat‑four petrol engine produced between 1974 and 1983. It featured a single overhead camshaft (SOHC) per cylinder bank and a twin‑choke downdraft carburettor. This iteration delivered approximately 55 kW (75 PS), providing adequate power for its era's compact vehicles.
Primarily fitted to the Volkswagen Type 4 (411/412) and later the Volkswagen Bus (T2, Bay Window '79-'83), the B engine was engineered for dependable, economical transportation. Emissions control was rudimentary, typically meeting pre‑Euro or very early regulatory standards through basic carburettor tuning.
A documented service consideration involves the cooling system's susceptibility to reduced efficiency over time. Volkswagen Technical Procedure Information (TPI) notes potential oil cooler seal degradation and fin blockage, which can lead to elevated operating temperatures if not inspected during routine maintenance.
Volkswagen
Production years 1974–1983 predate formal Euro emissions standards; compliance was governed by national regulations of the time (VCA UK Type Approval historical records).
The Volkswagen B is a 1,588 cc air-cooled flat-four petrol engine engineered for compact sedans and vans (1974-1983). It combines a simple SOHC valvetrain with a twin-choke carburettor to deliver adequate low-to-mid range power. Designed for reliability and ease of service, it predates modern emissions mandates.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 1,588 cc | |
| Fuel type | Petrol | |
| Configuration | Flat-4, SOHC, 8-valve | |
| Aspiration | Naturally aspirated | |
| Bore × stroke | 94.0 mm × 71.0 mm | |
| Power output | 55 kW (75 PS) @ 4,300 rpm | |
| Torque | 127 Nm @ 3,000 rpm | |
| Fuel system | Twin-choke downdraft carburettor (Solex 34 PICT-3) | |
| Emissions standard | Pre-Euro (National Standards) | |
| Compression ratio | 7.5:1 | |
| Cooling system | Air-cooled (fan-forced) | |
| Turbocharger | None | |
| Timing system | Gear-driven camshafts | |
| Oil type | SAE 10W-40 (Mineral) | |
| Dry weight | 105 kg |
The air-cooling system provides simplicity but demands vigilance for debris blocking cooling fins and degraded oil cooler seals, as noted in Volkswagen TPI bulletins. Regular valve clearance adjustment (every 10,000 km) is critical for performance and longevity. Use of leaded petrol or its substitutes was common; modern unleaded fuel requires hardened valve seats for long-term use. The gear-driven timing is highly reliable but requires specialized tools for major service. Carburettor tuning is sensitive to altitude and temperature changes.
Oil Specs: Original specification was SAE 10W-40 mineral oil (Volkswagen Owner's Manual). Modern synthetic 15W-40 can be used if compatible with seals.
Emissions: Formal Euro standards did not apply; compliance was to national regulations (VCA Historical Records).
Power Ratings: Measured under DIN 70020 standards. Output is net power at the flywheel (Volkswagen Technical Data Sheet).
Volkswagen Technical Information System (ETKA & TPI)
Volkswagen Workshop Manual for Type 4 (411/412)
UK Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA) Historical Database
DIN 70020 Engine Power Measurement Standard
The Volkswagen B engine was used across Volkswagen's Type 4 platform with rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive mounting. This engine received minor carburettor and ignition updates throughout its production run. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
The engine code 'B' is stamped on the crankcase, typically near the generator/alternator stand or on the fan housing. It is paired with a twin-choke Solex 34 PICT-3 carburettor and distributor ignition. Visually, it is identical to other Type 4 engines (e.g., 'E', 'F') but can be differentiated by its specific power output and production date. Parts compatibility is generally high with other Type 4 engines of the same displacement, but carburettor jets and distributor curves may vary. Always verify the engine code stamp for precise identification.
The B engine's primary reliability consideration is maintaining its air-cooling system. Volkswagen TPI notes that blocked cooling fins or failed oil cooler seals are common causes of elevated temperatures. Regular valve adjustments and using appropriate fuel for the valve seats are critical for long-term operation.
Analysis derived from Volkswagen technical bulletins (1970s-1980s) and owner club technical archives. Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about VOLKSWAGEN B.
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VOLKSWAGEN Official Site
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EUR-Lex
EU emissions and type-approval regulations (e.g., CELEX:32007R0715, CELEX:32017R1151).
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval & V5C
UK vehicle approval processes, import rules, and MoT guidance.
DVLA: Engine Changes & MoT
Official guidance on engine swaps and inspection implications.
Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA)
UK type-approval authority for automotive products.
Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
Euro emissions framework for vehicle type approval.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151
WLTP and RDE testing procedures for emissions certification.
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval
UK compliance and certification requirements for imported and modified vehicles.
VCA Certification Portal
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