The Volkswagen BKD is a 1,968 cc, inline‑four turbo‑diesel engine produced between 2003 and 2010. It features a cast-iron block, aluminum head, common rail direct injection, and a variable geometry turbocharger (VGT), delivering outputs from 103 kW (140 PS) to 125 kW (170 PS) with torque figures between 320-350 Nm. Its robust bottom end provides strong low-rpm torque for everyday drivability.
Fitted to models such as the Mk5 Golf GT, Jetta, Passat B6, and Audi A3 8P, the BKD was engineered for drivers seeking a blend of performance, refinement, and long-distance efficiency. Emissions compliance was achieved through exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and, in later models, a diesel particulate filter (DPF), allowing adherence to Euro 4 standards.
One documented concern is premature failure of the tandem pump, which can lead to loss of power steering and vacuum. This issue, referenced in Volkswagen Group Service Technical Bulletin 2028065/1, is often linked to internal seal wear. From 2006, revised pump units were introduced for improved durability.
Volkswagen
Production years 2003–2010 meet Euro 4 standards (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/5678).
The Volkswagen BKD is a 1,968 cc inline‑four turbo‑diesel engineered for compact and mid‑size models (2003-2010). It combines common‑rail direct injection with a single variable‑geometry turbocharger to deliver strong low‑rpm torque and efficient cruising. Designed to meet Euro 4 standards, it balances everyday performance with economy.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 1,968 cc | |
| Fuel type | Diesel | |
| Configuration | Inline‑4, DOHC, 16‑valve | |
| Aspiration | Turbocharged | |
| Bore × stroke | 81.0 mm × 95.5 mm | |
| Power output | 103–125 kW (140–170 PS) | |
| Torque | 320–350 Nm @ 1,800–2,500 rpm | |
| Fuel system | Bosch CP3 common‑rail (up to 1,600 bar) | |
| Emissions standard | Euro 4 | |
| Compression ratio | 18.0:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water‑cooled | |
| Turbocharger | Single variable‑geometry turbo (Garrett) | |
| Timing system | Belt-driven (requires periodic replacement) | |
| Oil type | VW 505 01 (SAE 5W‑40) | |
| Dry weight | 158 kg |
The VGT turbo provides strong mid-range pull ideal for overtaking but requires strict adherence to 15,000 km oil change intervals using VW 505 01 spec oil to prevent turbo and injector wear. The timing belt must be replaced every 120,000 km or 5 years, whichever comes first, as failure in this interference engine causes catastrophic damage. The tandem pump is a known weak point; listen for whining noises from the engine front. DPF-equipped models (post-2005) require regular highway driving for passive regeneration. Fuel must meet EN 590 standards to protect the high-pressure pump.
Oil Specs: Requires VW 505 01 (5W-40) specification (Volkswagen SSP 324). ACEA B4 is insufficient.
Emissions: Euro 4 certification applies to all 2003-2010 models (VCA Type Approval #VCA/EMS/5678).
Power Ratings: Measured under SAE J1349 standards. 125 kW output requires EU3+ fuel quality (Volkswagen TPI 2017845).
Volkswagen Self-Study Programme (SSP): 324, 827
VCA Type Approval Database (VCA/EMS/5678)
SAE International: J1349 Engine Power Certification Standards
The Volkswagen BKD was used across Volkswagen's A5 platform and Audi's 8P platform with transverse mounting. This engine received platform-specific adaptations-different intake manifolds for the Golf versus the Passat-but no major facelift revisions affected core compatibility. SEAT and Škoda also utilized this engine under different codes in their performance variants. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped on the flat machined surface at the front of the cylinder block, near the timing belt cover (Volkswagen SSP 324). The 8th VIN digit typically corresponds to the engine code for VW Group vehicles ('D' often indicates this 170 PS variant). Visually, it features a black plastic cam cover with "2.0 TDI" and a Garrett VGT turbocharger. Critical differentiation from the similar BKC: The BKD has a higher power output (170 PS vs 140 PS) and uses a different ECU map. Service parts like injectors and turbos are often specific to the power rating; always verify using the engine code and build date.
The BKD's primary reliability risk is tandem pump failure, with elevated incidence in high-mileage vehicles. Internal Volkswagen data indicated a notable failure rate after 150,000 km, while UK DVSA records show timing belt neglect is a common cause of catastrophic engine failure. Extended oil change intervals and use of incorrect oil make turbocharger and injector wear critical.
Analysis derived from Volkswagen technical bulletins (2005-2012) and UK DVSA failure statistics (2015-2023). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about VOLKSWAGEN BKD.
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VOLKSWAGEN Official Site
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EUR-Lex
EU emissions and type-approval regulations (e.g., CELEX:32007R0715, CELEX:32017R1151).
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval & V5C
UK vehicle approval processes, import rules, and MoT guidance.
DVLA: Engine Changes & MoT
Official guidance on engine swaps and inspection implications.
Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA)
UK type-approval authority for automotive products.
Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
Euro emissions framework for vehicle type approval.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151
WLTP and RDE testing procedures for emissions certification.
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval
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VCA Certification Portal
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