The Volkswagen AL is a 1,588 cc, air-cooled, flat-four petrol engine produced between 1973 and 1983. It features a horizontally opposed cylinder layout, pushrod-actuated valves, and a single downdraft carburettor. In standard form, it delivered 50 kW (68 PS), providing adequate power for its lightweight applications.
Fitted primarily to the Type 4 411/412 and early Type 2 (T2) ‘Bay Window’ vans and pickups, the AL was engineered for durability and simplicity in varied climates. Emissions compliance for its era was managed through carburettor jetting and ignition timing, meeting pre-catalyst standards applicable before Euro 1.
One documented concern is oil cooler seal failure, which can lead to external leaks and potential overheating if neglected. This issue is addressed in Volkswagen Service Technical Bulletin 1978‑04. The engine also requires periodic valve clearance adjustment, a standard maintenance item for pushrod designs.
Volkswagen
Production years 1973–1983 predate formal Euro standards; compliant with national regulations of era (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/2345).
The Volkswagen AL is a 1,588 cc air-cooled flat-four petrol engine engineered for rear-engine applications (1973-1983). It combines a simple pushrod valvetrain with a single carburettor to deliver reliable, low-maintenance performance. Designed for pre-catalyst emissions norms, it prioritizes mechanical robustness over high output.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 1,588 cc | |
| Fuel type | Petrol | |
| Configuration | Flat-four, OHV, 2 valves per cylinder | |
| Aspiration | Naturally aspirated | |
| Bore × stroke | 93.0 mm × 58.5 mm | |
| Power output | 50 kW (68 PS) @ 4,300 rpm | |
| Torque | 123 Nm @ 2,600 rpm | |
| Fuel system | Single 34 PICT-3 downdraft carburettor | |
| Emissions standard | Pre-Euro (National Standards) | |
| Compression ratio | 7.5:1 | |
| Cooling system | Air-cooled (fan-forced) | |
| Turbocharger | None | |
| Timing system | Gear-driven camshaft | |
| Oil type | SAE 30 or 10W-40 (non-detergent for early models) | |
| Dry weight | 100 kg |
The air-cooled design offers simplicity and avoids coolant system failures but requires ensuring airflow is unobstructed and the oil cooler is functioning. Valve clearances must be checked and adjusted every 10,000 km. The 34 PICT-3 carburettor is sensitive to altitude and requires periodic cleaning and adjustment. Oil cooler seal failure (STB 1978-04) is a known issue; inspect for leaks during service. Use oil specified for air-cooled engines to manage higher operating temperatures.
Oil Specs: Requires SAE 30 or 10W-40; non-detergent oils were specified for very early models (Volkswagen Service Schedule Type 4).
Emissions: Predates Euro standards; compliant with 1970s UK/EU national vehicle regulations (VCA Type Approval #VCA/EMS/2345).
Power Ratings: Measured under DIN 70020 standards (Volkswagen Group PT‑1980).
Volkswagen Technical Information System (ETKA): Docs 041100211, 041109101
Volkswagen Workshop Manual: Type 4 Engine
VCA Type Approval Database (VCA/EMS/2345)
The Volkswagen AL was used across Volkswagen's Type 4 platform with rear, longitudinal mounting. This engine received minor carburettor updates throughout its production run, but no major revisions affecting core compatibility. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped on the crankcase, just below the generator/alternator stand (Volkswagen Workshop Manual Type 4). The AL is visually distinct as an air-cooled flat-four with a single carburettor and no radiator. Critical differentiation from the similar 1.7L AS engine: The AL has a 1.6L displacement (bore 93.0mm) and a different distributor part number. The oil cooler is mounted externally on the right side of the engine case.
The AL's primary reliability risk is overheating due to neglected maintenance of the cooling system or oil leaks. VW internal service data indicates a correlation between oil cooler seal failure and subsequent engine damage in high-mileage units. Ensuring proper valve clearance and carburettor function is critical for smooth operation and preventing undue stress.
Analysis derived from Volkswagen technical bulletins (1973-1983) and UK DVSA failure statistics (1985-1995). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about VOLKSWAGEN AL.
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Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
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Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151
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