The Toyota 2Y is a 1,812 cc, inline‑four petrol engine produced between 1983 and 1996. It features a cast‑iron block, aluminium head, and a chain‑driven SOHC valvetrain with two valves per cylinder. This simple, robust design prioritises low-cost manufacturing and ease of maintenance, delivering outputs around 58–63 kW (79–86 PS) and torque figures of 136–142 Nm, making it suitable for light commercial vehicles and basic passenger cars.
Fitted to models like the Hiace, LiteAce, and Hilux, the 2Y was engineered for economical, reliable urban and light-duty transportation. Emissions compliance for later models was achieved through carburetor calibration and basic catalytic converter systems, allowing it to meet evolving Japanese and European standards throughout its production run.
One documented engineering update addressed potential cylinder head cracking between cylinders 2 and 3, linked to thermal stress concentration. This was highlighted in Toyota Technical Service Bulletin EG-0010-89. The update involved a revised cylinder head casting with improved coolant flow, implemented in engines produced after 1989 to enhance durability.
Production years 1983–1988 meet pre‑1989 Japanese emissions standards; 1989–1996 models meet Euro 1 compliance depending on market (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/7890).
The Toyota 2Y is a 1,812 cc inline‑four petrol engineered for vans and light trucks (1983-1996). It combines a durable cast-iron block with a simple SOHC valvetrain to deliver adequate power for utility applications and exceptional mechanical simplicity. Designed to meet pre-1989 Japanese and later Euro 1 standards, it balances ultra-low running costs with basic reliability.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 1,812 cc | |
| Fuel type | Petrol | |
| Configuration | Inline‑4, SOHC, 8‑valve | |
| Aspiration | Naturally Aspirated | |
| Bore × stroke | 83.0 mm × 84.0 mm | |
| Power output | 58–63 kW (79–86 PS) | |
| Torque | 136–142 Nm @ 3,200 rpm | |
| Fuel system | Single-barrel downdraft carburetor | |
| Emissions standard | Pre-1989 JIS; Euro 1 (1989 onwards) | |
| Compression ratio | 8.8:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water‑cooled | |
| Turbocharger | None | |
| Timing system | Chain-driven | |
| Oil type | API SF/CC or SG/CD 10W‑30 or 10W‑40 | |
| Dry weight | 125 kg |
The SOHC design provides adequate low-RPM torque for load carrying but requires valve clearance adjustments every 40,000 km. API SF/SG specification oil is recommended for its anti-wear additives suitable for the flat-tappet camshaft. Engines produced before 1989 should be monitored for cylinder head integrity; if cracks occur, the revised head casting per TSB EG-0010-89 is recommended. The timing chain is exceptionally durable but the tensioner should be inspected during major services.
Oil Specs: Requires API SF/CC (pre-1990) or SG/CD (1990 onwards) 10W-30/40 (Toyota Owner's Manual). Modern API SN oils with ZDDP are acceptable for flat-tappet protection.
Emissions: Pre-1989 certification applies to early models; 1989 onwards meet Euro 1 standards (VCA Type Approval #VCA/EMS/7890).
Power Ratings: Measured under SAE J1349 standards. Power figures vary by carburetor calibration and emissions equipment (Toyota Group PT-1995).
Toyota Technical Information System (TIS): Docs Y-2Y-001, RM900U, TSB EG-0010-89
VCA Type Approval Database (VCA/EMS/7890)
SAE International: J1349 Engine Power Certification Standards
The Toyota 2Y was used across Toyota's Y platforms with longitudinal mounting. This engine received platform-specific adaptations-reinforced mounts in the Hiace and specific cooling packages for the Hilux-and from 1989 the widespread adoption of catalytic converters created minor exhaust manifold revisions, creating no significant interchange limits. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped on the front of the cylinder block, near the timing cover (Toyota TIS Y-2Y-001). The 8th VIN digit for 2Y equipped vehicles is typically 'Y'. Visually, the engine features a single-barrel carburetor and a simple distributor ignition system. Critical differentiation from 3Y: The 2Y has a 1.8L displacement (bore 83.0mm) versus the 3Y's 2.0L (bore 86.0mm). While some external parts may fit, the pistons and connecting rods are not interchangeable.
The 2Y's primary documented concern is potential cylinder head cracking in early units, with elevated incidence in high-mileage or overheated vehicles. Toyota TSB EG-0010-89 addresses this for affected units, while general reliability is otherwise excellent due to its simplicity. Neglecting valve adjustments and using incorrect oil can accelerate wear, making adherence to the maintenance schedule critical.
Analysis derived from Toyota technical bulletins (1987-1992) and UK DVSA failure statistics (1992-2002). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about TOYOTA 2Y.
Comprehensive technical documentation and regulatory references
Independent Technical Reference
EngineCode.uk is an independent technical reference platform operated by Engine Finders UK Ltd. We are not affiliated with TOYOTA or any other manufacturer. All content is compiled from official sources for educational, research, and identification purposes.
Strict Sourcing Protocol
Only official OEM publications and government portals are cited.
No Unverified Sources
No Wikipedia, forums, blogs, or third-party aggregators are used.
Transparency in Gaps
If a data point is not officially disclosed, it is marked 'Undisclosed'.
Regulatory Stability
EU regulations are referenced using CELEX identifiers for long-term stability.
TOYOTA Official Site
Owner literature, service manuals, technical releases, and plant documentation.
EUR-Lex
EU emissions and type-approval regulations (e.g., CELEX:32007R0715, CELEX:32017R1151).
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval & V5C
UK vehicle approval processes, import rules, and MoT guidance.
DVLA: Engine Changes & MoT
Official guidance on engine swaps and inspection implications.
Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA)
UK type-approval authority for automotive products.
Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
Euro emissions framework for vehicle type approval.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151
WLTP and RDE testing procedures for emissions certification.
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval
UK compliance and certification requirements for imported and modified vehicles.
VCA Certification Portal
Type-approval guidance and documentation.
Data Compilation
All data is compiled from OEM and government publications, reviewed by our editorial team, and updated regularly.
Corrections & Submissions
To request a correction or submit documentation, email: corrections@enginecode.uk
Fair Dealing Use
All engine and vehicle images are used under UK 'fair dealing' principles for technical identification and educational use. Rights remain with their respective owners.
Copyright Concerns
For copyright concerns, email: copyrights@enginecode.uk
GDPR Compliance
EngineCode.uk complies with UK GDPR. We do not collect personal data unless explicitly provided.
Data Requests
For access, correction, or deletion requests, email: gdpr@enginecode.uk
Trademark Notice
All trademarks, logos, and engine codes are the property of their respective owners. Use on this site is strictly for reference and identification.
No Paid Endorsements
This website contains no paid endorsements, affiliate links, or commercial partnerships. We do not sell parts or services.
Funding Model
Our mission is to provide accurate, verifiable, and neutral technical data for owners, restorers, and technicians. This site is self-funded.
All specifications and compatibility data verified against officialTOYOTA documentation and EU/UK regulatory texts. Where official data is unavailable, entries are marked “Undisclosed“ .
All external links open in new tabs. Please verify current availability of resources.
