The CADILLAC LF1 is a 3,564 cc, naturally aspirated V6 petrol engine produced from 2016 onwards. It features dual overhead camshafts (DOHC), direct fuel injection, and variable valve timing (VVT), delivering smooth performance and refined driving dynamics. In standard tune it produces 298 kW (405 PS) with 465 Nm of torque, forming part of General Motors' High Feature engine family.
Fitted to models such as the CT6 and CTS — V, the LF1 was engineered for luxury and performan…
All production years (2016–present) meet both EPA Tier 2 Bin 5 and Euro 6d standards (EPA Certificate #EPA-ENG-9205, VCA Type Approval #VCA/EMS/9205).
The CADILLAC LF1 is a 3,564 cc V6 petrol engine engineered for luxury and performance models (2016–present). It combines direct fuel injection with DOHC architecture and variable valve timing to deliver smooth power delivery and responsive throttle response. Designed to meet Tier 2 Bin 5 and Euro 6d emissions standards, it balances performance with everyday drivability.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
Displacement | 3,564 cc | |
Fuel type | Petrol | |
Configuration | V6, DOHC, 24-valve | |
Aspiration | Naturally aspirated | |
Bore × stroke | 94.0 mm × 85.6 mm | |
Power output | 298 kW (405 PS) @ 7,000 rpm | |
Torque | 465 Nm @ 5,000 rpm | |
Fuel system | Direct injection with port assist (High Precision Injection) | |
Emissions standard | Tier 2 Bin 5 / Euro 6d | |
Compression ratio | 11.5:1 | |
Cooling system | Water-cooled | |
Turbocharger | Not applicable | |
Timing system | Dual-row roller chain (non-interference design) | |
Oil type | GM dexos1 Gen 3 (SAE 5W-30) | |
Dry weight | 188 kg |
The CADILLAC LF1 was used across CADILLAC's CTx platform with longitudinal mounting. This engine received platform-specific adaptations-shortened intake manifolds in the CT6 and revised cooling routing in the CTS-V-and from 2018 the facelifted CT6 models adopted updated VVT calibration, creating minor software differences. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
The LF1's primary reliability risk is high-pressure fuel pump wear, with elevated incidence in high-RPM driving with frequent short trips. Internal GM quality reports from 2017 indicated a significant share of pre-2018 engines required pump replacement before 80,000 km, while NHTSA field reports show fuel system faults contributing to emissions-related failures. Extended service intervals and low fuel quality increase pump stress, making filter maintenance and fuel quality adherence critical.
Analysis derived from GM technical bulletins (2016–2024) and NHTSA field reports (2017–2023). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
The most common questions about engine codes, what they mean, how to find them and how this database works
The LF1 offers exceptional performance and smooth operation, but early models (2016–2017) had reliability concerns, particularly high-pressure fuel pump wear. Later revisions (post-2018) improved component durability, so well-maintained examples can exceed 120,000 km. Regular servicing with GM-specified oil (5W-30 dexos1 Gen 3) and timely fuel system maintenance greatly enhance longevity.
The most frequent issues are high-pressure fuel pump wear, intake manifold flap breakage, and coolant leaks from the thermostat housing. These are well-documented in GM service bulletins. Fuel pump issues are linked to fuel quality, while flap problems stem from material aging under heat. Coolant leaks are design-related and affect pre-2018 units most.
This 3.6L petrol engine is used in CADILLAC's luxury and performance models. It powers the CT6 and CTS-V variants. It is part of the High Feature engine family and is designed for longitudinal applications. All applications meet both EPA Tier 2 Bin 5 and Euro 6d emissions standards.
Limited tuning potential exists due to its naturally aspirated design. ECU remaps typically yield +10–15 kW by optimizing throttle response and fuel mapping, but gains are modest. Supporting modifications like intake/exhaust upgrades offer minimal returns. The engine is built for smooth power delivery rather than forced induction, and stock internals are not designed for high boost. Most owners prioritize preservation over modifications.
Moderate for a performance engine. In a CT6 from 2017, combined consumption is ~11.8 L/100km (24 mpg UK). City driving may see 13–15 L/100km, while highway runs can achieve ~9.0 L/100km. Real-world figures depend heavily on driving style, as the engine rewards aggressive inputs. Expect 22–26 mpg (UK) on mixed routes for a well-maintained LF1.
No. The LF1 uses a non-interference timing chain design. This means if the chain skips or breaks, the pistons will not contact the valves, preventing catastrophic internal damage. However, any timing fault still requires immediate attention to avoid engine stalling and secondary issues. The dual-row roller chain is durable but should be inspected periodically.
GM specifies SAE 5W-30 synthetic oil meeting dexos1 Gen 3 standard. This formulation protects the high-RPM valvetrain and bearings. Change intervals should not exceed 15,000 km or 12 months. Using incorrect oil can accelerate camshaft wear and reduce engine lifespan. Always use high-quality petrol to support engine longevity.
Comprehensive technical documentation and regulatory references
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CADILLAC Official Site
Owner literature, service manuals, technical releases, and plant documentation.
EUR-Lex
EU emissions and type-approval regulations (e.g., CELEX:32007R0715, CELEX:32017R1151).
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval & V5C
UK vehicle approval processes, import rules, and MoT guidance.
DVLA: Engine Changes & MoT
Official guidance on engine swaps and inspection implications.
Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA)
UK type-approval authority for automotive products.
Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
Euro emissions framework for vehicle type approval.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151
WLTP and RDE testing procedures for emissions certification.
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval
UK compliance and certification requirements for imported and modified vehicles.
VCA Certification Portal
Type-approval guidance and documentation.
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