The Cadillac AD 10 is a 998 cc, inline-three petrol engine produced between 2020 and 2024. It features a DOHC 12-valve configuration with Dual VVT-i (Variable Valve Timing-intelligent), port fuel injection, and Atkinson cycle operation, delivering 50 kW (68 PS) in standard applications. Developed by Daihatsu as part of the AD engine family, it was adapted for select Cadillac micro urban models in European and Asian markets to meet demand for ultra-compact, fuel-efficient premium vehicles.
Fitted to models such as the Cadillac Urban C and high-trim X2 Urban, the AD 10 was engineered to provide exceptional fuel economy and smooth low-RPM operation for city driving. Emissions compliance was achieved through exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), close-coupled catalytic converters, and oxygen sensor feedback control, enabling it to meet Euro 6 standards across its production run.
One documented update occurred in 2022, referenced in Daihatsu Service Information Bulletin DSB-20-041, which revised the ECU calibration to improve cold-start emissions and reduce intake manifold carbon buildup. This change addressed early reports of hesitation during stop-start driving and enhanced long-term reliability across the model line.
Production years 2020–2024 meet Euro 6 standards (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/2507).
The Cadillac AD 10 is a 998 cc inline-three naturally aspirated engine engineered for urban premium applications (2020–2024). It combines Atkinson cycle efficiency with dual VVT-i to deliver responsive torque and ultra-low fuel consumption. Designed to meet Euro 6 emissions, it balances city drivability with environmental compliance.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 998 cc | |
| Fuel type | Petrol | |
| Configuration | Inline-3, DOHC, 12-valve | |
| Aspiration | Naturally aspirated | |
| Bore × stroke | 72.0 mm × 81.4 mm | |
| Power output | 50 kW (68 PS) @ 6,000 rpm | |
| Torque | 90 Nm @ 4,400 rpm | |
| Fuel system | Port fuel injection (MPI) | |
| Emissions standard | Euro 6 | |
| Compression ratio | 13.5:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water-cooled | |
| Turbocharger | Not applicable | |
| Timing system | Chain-driven (front-mounted) | |
| Oil type | Toyota Genuine 0W-16 (API SN/ILSAC GF-5) | |
| Dry weight | 76 kg |
The inline-three Atkinson cycle layout provides exceptional fuel economy ideal for urban driving but requires adherence to maintenance schedules to sustain longevity. Toyota Genuine 0W-16 oil is recommended for optimal lifter and camshaft lubrication. Oil changes should occur every 15,000 km or annually to prevent sludge buildup and timing chain wear. The high compression ratio relies on precise ignition timing; degraded spark plugs or extended intervals can trigger misfires. Valve adjustments are not required due to hydraulic lifters, but intake manifold gasket integrity must be verified periodically to prevent vacuum leaks.
Oil Specs: Requires Toyota Genuine 0W-16 specification (Daihatsu SIB DSB-20-041). Compatible with ILSAC GF-5 requirements.
Emissions: Euro 6 certification applies to all production years (VCA Type Approval #VCA/EMS/2507). No Euro 5 variants were produced.
Power Ratings: Measured under SAE J1349 standards. Output achieved with 95 AKI fuel and optimal ignition timing (Daihatsu TIS Doc. A10PERF).
Daihatsu Technical Information System (TIS): Docs A10AD, A10FUEL, A10TIMING
VCA Type Approval Database (VCA/EMS/2507)
SAE International: J1349 Engine Power Measurement Standard
The Cadillac AD 10 was used across Cadillac's Urban C and X2 Urban platforms with transverse mounting and licensed from Daihatsu for European and Asian market applications. This engine received platform-specific adaptations-revised engine mounts in the Urban C and modified transmission tuning in the X2 Urban-and from 2022 the updated Urban C models adopted revised ECU calibration to improve idle stability, creating interchange limits. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped vertically on the right-side of the cylinder block, near the exhaust manifold (Daihatsu TIS A10ADID01). The 8th VIN digit indicates engine family ('A' for AD series). Pre-2022 models have a cast-aluminium intake manifold with round throttle body; the 2022+ variant features revised ECU mapping and updated idle control logic. Critical differentiation from KF-VET: AD 10 has updated ECU and revised camshaft profile. Service parts require model-year verification—ECUs, intake manifolds, and fuel rails are not interchangeable between KF-VET and AD 10 variants (Daihatsu TIS A10AD).
The AD 10's primary reliability risk is intake manifold gasket failure on high-mileage engines, with elevated incidence in vehicles used for short trips. Internal Daihatsu engineering reports noted increased intake vacuum leaks beyond 130,000 km, while UK DVSA field data shows a notable share of emissions failures linked to idle instability from degraded gaskets. Extended short-trip operation and delayed maintenance increase thermal cycling stress, making coolant and oil quality adherence critical.
Analysis derived from Daihatsu technical bulletins (2020-2024) and UK DVSA emissions failure statistics (2010-2023). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about DAIHATSU AD-10.
Comprehensive technical documentation and regulatory references
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