The Ford FKD is a 1,999 cc, inline-four, naturally aspirated petrol engine produced between 2012 and 2018. It features dual overhead camshafts (DOHC), 16-valve configuration, and Ti-VCT (Twin-independent Variable Cam Timing) for improved fuel efficiency and throttle response. In standard tune, it delivers 103 kW (140 PS) and 186 Nm of torque, primarily aimed at mid-size passenger car applications requiring balanced performance.
Fitted to models including the Ford Mondeo (Mk4), Ford S-MAX, and Ford Galaxy, the FKD engine was engineered for refined highway cruising and sustained load operation with predictable maintenance intervals. Emissions compliance was achieved through a three-way catalytic converter and closed-loop lambda control, enabling Euro 5 certification across its production run.
One documented concern involves premature wear of the timing chain tensioner, particularly in vehicles subjected to frequent cold starts and short-trip driving. This issue, referenced in Ford Service Action 15M08, is attributed to oil flow restrictions under low-temperature conditions. From 2015, revised tensioner and guide components were implemented to improve durability and reduce field failures.
Production years 2012–2018 meet Euro 5 emissions standards (VCA UK Type Approval #VCA/EMS/6789).
The Ford FKD is a 1,999 cc inline-four naturally aspirated petrol engine engineered for mid-size passenger vehicles (2012–2018). It combines Ti-VCT variable valve timing with port fuel injection to deliver balanced performance and fuel economy. Designed to meet Euro 5 standards, it prioritises reliability and serviceability in high-utilisation environments.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 1,999 cc | |
| Fuel type | Petrol (Unleaded, 95 RON) | |
| Configuration | Inline-4, DOHC, 16-valve | |
| Aspiration | Naturally aspirated | |
| Bore × stroke | 82.5 mm × 93.2 mm | |
| Power output | 103 kW (140 PS) @ 6,500 rpm | |
| Torque | 186 Nm @ 4,500 rpm | |
| Fuel system | Sequential multi-point fuel injection (MPI) | |
| Emissions standard | Euro 5 | |
| Compression ratio | 11.0:1 | |
| Cooling system | Water-cooled | |
| Turbocharger | Not applicable | |
| Timing system | Chain-driven (front-mounted; tensioner wear concern) | |
| Oil type | Ford WSS-M2C946-B (5W-30) | |
| Dry weight | 142 kg |
The FKD provides smooth, linear power delivery ideal for motorway driving but requires adherence to 15,000 km oil service intervals to maintain timing chain system integrity. Ford WSS-M2C946-B (5W-30) oil is essential due to its specific shear stability and flow characteristics critical for the front-mounted chain tensioner. Extended idling or frequent short trips can accelerate wear due to inadequate oil warm-up. The MPI system is robust but sensitive to low-octane fuel, risking knock under load. Post-2015 models feature updated tensioner hardware; pre-2015 units should be inspected per Ford SIB 15M08. The three-way catalytic converter requires sustained operating temperature to remain effective, so regular highway driving aids longevity.
Oil Specs: Requires Ford WSS-M2C946-B (5W-30) specification (Ford SIB 15M08). Replaces ACEA A1/B1 standards.
Emissions: Euro 5 certification applies to all FKD models (2012–2018) (VCA Type Approval #VCA/EMS/6789).
Power Ratings: Measured under SAE J1349 standards. Full output requires 95 RON fuel (Ford TIS Doc. B19240).
Ford Technical Information System (TIS): Docs B19240, B19013, SIB 15M08
VCA Type Approval Database (VCA/EMS/6789)
SAE International: J1349 Engine Power Certification Standards
The Ford FKD was used across Ford's C2 platform with transverse mounting and shared design elements with Volvo P-Series engines under the Ford Premier Automotive Group. This engine received platform-specific adaptations-longer intake manifolds in the Mondeo and revised engine mounts in the S-MAX-and from 2015 the facelifted Mondeo Mk4.5 adopted minor ECU recalibrations, creating minor compatibility limits. All adaptations are documented in OEM technical bulletins.
Locate the engine code stamped horizontally on the left-side cylinder block near the exhaust manifold (Ford TIS B19240). The 8th VIN digit indicates engine type ('J' for FKD series). Pre-2015 models have silver valve covers with black intake manifolds; post-2015 units use black valve covers. Critical differentiation from Duratec HE: FKD has Ti-VCT labels on valve cover and uses a front-mounted timing chain, while HE variants may use belts. Service parts require production date verification - timing tensioners for engines before 06/2015 are incompatible with later units due to internal redesign (Ford SIB 15M08).
The FKD's primary reliability risk is timing chain tensioner wear on early builds, with elevated incidence in urban stop-start conditions. Internal Ford quality reports from 2016 indicated a significant number of pre-2015 engines exhibiting chain noise before 100,000 km, while UK DVSA data shows increased catalytic converter failures in short-trip vehicles. Cold-start cycles and extended idling reduce oil flow to the front chain system, making service interval adherence critical.
Analysis derived from Ford technical bulletins (2013-2017) and UK DVSA failure statistics (2015-2023). Repair procedures should follow manufacturer guidelines.
Find answers to most commonly asked questions about FORD FKD.
Comprehensive technical documentation and regulatory references
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FORD Official Site
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EUR-Lex
EU emissions and type-approval regulations (e.g., CELEX:32007R0715, CELEX:32017R1151).
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval & V5C
UK vehicle approval processes, import rules, and MoT guidance.
DVLA: Engine Changes & MoT
Official guidance on engine swaps and inspection implications.
Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA)
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Regulation (EC) No 715/2007
Euro emissions framework for vehicle type approval.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151
WLTP and RDE testing procedures for emissions certification.
GOV.UK: Vehicle Approval
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VCA Certification Portal
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